General Knowledge — Chapter 4

World History & Leaders — the Two World Wars, the Great Revolutions, and the Names Papers Repeat

Why this chapter matters: world history is a small but steady GK block — and a forgiving one, because papers ask the same dozen dates and the same dozen names again and again. Our verified banks hold 78 questions matching this topic by tight question-text keyword: 33 on leaders, 22 on revolutions, 15 on the Second World War and 8 on the First World War. That split tells you the strategy: learn the leaders and the revolutions first (55 of the 78), then lock the two wars’ dates, because the war questions are almost always date questions. Both sub-topics in this chapter are ★ additions — topics the lecture structure did not cover as a unit but one-paper exams keep asking — so every fact here was checked against the banks first and against a standard reference where the banks were silent.

Exam Trend box

• 🔁 Most repeated: the leaders gallery — full-bank name scan, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-leaders.py over 603 files / 57,400 questions: 376 leader-name rows, 348 unique stems, 211 distinct files (Gandhi 48, Mandela 15, Alexander 15, Lenin 14, Napoleon 13, Mao 10, Roosevelt 7, Washington 6, Caesar 5, Stalin 5, Churchill 4, Lincoln 3, Bismarck 1 — a different, wider methodology than the chapter’s tight 78-question base count above; the two counts are not added together).
• ⭐ Must know: the leaders family is still asked in the 2024–2026 window — filename-year rows 2024: 18, 2025: 45, 2026: 20 on the same scan.
• 🆕 Newly appeared: the 2025 leadership changes (Section 5’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 28 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025leaders.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions), the June 2025 Iran–Israel war (Section 5A’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 7 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025iranisrael.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions) and the 2025 Russia–Ukraine diplomacy year (Section 5B’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 14 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025ukraine.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions) and the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict (Section 5C’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 2 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025indpak.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 obituaries year (Section 5D’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 16 CA-bank backing rows across 12 unique stems, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025deaths.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, plus 1 standard-reference row stated not counted) and the 2025 Syria year (Section 5E’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 8 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025syria.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 protest movements year (Section 5F’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 12 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025protests.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan year (Section 5G’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 15 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025afghan.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Gaza year (Section 5H’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 23 unique CA-bank stems / 25 rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025gaza.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict year (Section 5I’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 6 CA-bank rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025thaicambodia.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Latin America year (Section 5J’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 12 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025latam.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Africa year (Section 5K’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 12 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025africa.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Europe year (Section 5L’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 12 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025europe.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Asia year (Section 5M’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 11 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025asia.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Gulf year (Section 5N’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 23 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025gulf.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the cross-linked rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Oceania year (Section 5O’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 18 CA-bank backing rows / 17 unique stems, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025oceania.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the cross-linked rows stated not counted) and the 2025 North America year (Section 5P’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 27 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025northamerica.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the cross-linked rows stated not counted) and the 2025 South Asia year (Section 5Q’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 21 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025southasia.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the cross-linked rows stated not counted) and the 2025 Central Asia year (Section 5R’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 8 CA-bank backing rows / 6 events, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025centralasia.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 faith year (Section 5S’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 1 genuine CA-bank backing row — May 2025 id 23, Leo XIV — plus 1 stale row flagged, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025faith.py over 22 CA files / 2,710 questions, the rest standard-reference rows stated not counted) and the 2025 migration & displacement year (Section 5T’s retrospective table below, origin year 2025; 4 CA-bank backing rows, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025migration.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, the cross-linked rows stated not counted) — no 🔁/⭐ claimed for any of these tables itself, one year only. and the 2025 Sahel year (Section 5U below, origin year 2025; 2 genuine Sahel CA-bank rows + 1 GTI context row, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025sahel.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions) and the 2025 Middle East year (Section 5V below, origin year 2025; 0 genuine Middle East-year CA-bank rows — the scan’s 115 Middle East-pattern rows are 27 already-taught rows served from Section 5A/Section 5E/Section 5H/Section 5N/GK-11 Section 9A plus 88 false positives, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025middleeast-slice72.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions; the table’s rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted), and the 2025 Sudan year (Section 5W below, origin year 2025; 2 genuine CA-bank rows — May id 61, August id 135 — plus the November id 156 displacement row served from Section 5K, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025sudan.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions; the rest standard-reference rows, stated not counted), and the 2025 disasters year (Section 5X below, origin year 2025; 9 genuine new CA-bank rows — February id 14, July id 48, August ids 31/32/66/124, September ids 18/48, November id 39 — plus 2 flagged-correction rows, July id 130 and October id 37, plus the 3 January Tibet rows served from Section 5Q, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025disasters.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions; the rest standard-reference rows, stated not counted).

1. The spine — one timeline for the whole chapter

If you learn nothing else, learn this ladder. Every section below hangs on it:

2. The First World War (1914–1918)

The outline papers test

• Duration: 1914–1918. The war began in 1914 and ended with the Armistice on 11 November 1918.
• Immediate cause: the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary at Sarajevo on 28 June 1914 — the banks’ own key for “the immediate cause for the outbreak of the First World War”.
• The declarations: in 1914 Germany declared war on Russia and France (the banks ask this year directly).
• The two sides: the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) against the Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia — later joined by Italy and the United States).
• US President during the war: Woodrow Wilson — a bank question in its own right.
• Firsts the banks love: the first tanks were used in 1916, by the British; mustard gas was the chemical weapon of the war.
• A named battle: Verdun (1916) — Germany was defeated there on the Western Front in the year Romania declared war on the Eastern Front.
• The South Asian link: Khudadad Khan was the first South Asian soldier to win the Victoria Cross in the First World War — for fighting in Belgium.
• The settlement: the Treaty of Versailles was signed on 28 June 1919 — exactly five years after the Sarajevo assassination. It blamed Germany, imposed reparations, and created the League of Nations (1920, Geneva) — the League’s full story is in GK Topic 3, and its failure to prevent a second war is the bridge to the next section.

3. The Second World War (1939–1945)

The outline papers test

• Duration: 1939–1945 — the banks ask this pair more than any other war fact.
• It began in 1939: Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939; Britain and France declared war two days later.
• Germany attacked France in 1940 (the banks ask this year directly) and occupied Paris the same year.
• The Eastern Front: Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941 (Operation Barbarossa). The Soviet Union suffered the greatest loss of life in the war — the banks’ key for “which country suffered the maximum in World War II” is Russia.
• America enters: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941; the United States entered the war the next day.
• The turning points: Stalingrad (1942–43) in the east; D-Day — 6 June 1944, the Allied invasion of Normandy, France, in the west.
• The Axis leaders: Adolf Hitler of Germany — his Nazi Party came to power in 1933; Benito Mussolini of Italy; Emperor Hirohito’s Japan (the militarist government). Hitler died by suicide in Berlin on 30 April 1945 as the Allies closed in.
• The Allied leaders: Winston Churchill (Britain), Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA) and Joseph Stalin (USSR) — the “Big Three”. They met at Tehran in 1943 (a bank question) and at Yalta in 1945.
• The end in Europe: Germany surrendered in May 1945; V-E Day was celebrated on 8 May 1945.
• The end in Asia: the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima (6 August 1945) and Nagasaki (9 August 1945); Japan formally surrendered on 2 September 1945.
• The scale: the banks key the war’s death toll at about 75 million service personnel and civilians.
• What followed: the Cold War — the state of politico-military tension between the USA and the USSR after the war (a bank question in exactly those words) — and the division of Korea at the 38th parallel after the war.

4. The revolutions — seven upheavals, one pattern each

Papers do not ask revolutions in depth. They ask: year, country, leader, slogan or idea. This section gives exactly those four for each revolution.

The American Revolution (1776)

• Declaration of Independence: 4 July 1776 — the thirteen American colonies declared independence from Britain.
• First President: George Washington (1789–1797) — the banks ask Washington as founder-president the way they ask Jinnah for Pakistan.
• The idea: government by the consent of the governed; no taxation without representation.

The French Revolution (1789–1799)

• Began: 1789. The Bastille — the fortress-prison in Paris, symbol of royal tyranny — was stormed on 14 July 1789 (Bastille Day, France’s national day).
• Slogan: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity — the banks’ key, word for word.
• Father of the French Revolution: Jean-Jacques Rousseau — the banks’ key. His idea was the social contract: king and people bound by an agreement (taught in GK Lecture 9, Europe Part 2).
• The course: the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen (1789); King Louis XVI executed on 21 January 1793; the Reign of Terror; and finally Napoleon — who, the banks say, “emerged as a great leader in France as a result of the French Revolution”.
• The theory it gave rise to: nationalism — the banks’ key for “the French Revolution gave rise to the theory of…”.
• The span: the conventional span is 1789–1799 (ending with Napoleon’s Consulate). See Traps for the 1793 bank variant.

The Industrial Revolution (from the mid-1700s)

• First Industrial Revolution took place in: England — the banks’ key.
• What it was: the shift from hand production to machine production — steam power, textiles, iron and coal — beginning in Britain in the mid-18th century and spreading across Europe and America.
• The name to know: James Watt and his improved steam engine — the machine that powered factories, mines and railways.
• Why papers pair it with the revolutions: it is the economic revolution behind the political ones — and the banks ask it as a “first” (first country, first industry).

The Russian Revolution (1917)

• Year: 1917 — the banks’ key, asked flat.
• Father of the Russian Revolution: Lenin (Vladimir Lenin) — the banks’ key. The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 was led by Lenin and is associated with Russia.
• The course: the February Revolution overthrew Tsar Nicholas II; the October Revolution brought Lenin’s Bolsheviks to power; the Soviet Union (USSR) was founded in 1922.
• The thinker behind it: Karl Marx — he belonged to Germany and wrote the Communist Manifesto (in German, 1848; taught in GK Lecture 9). Do not confuse the two roles: Marx is the thinker, Lenin is the leader — see Traps.
• The Russian Revolutionary Communist Party was founded by Lenin (a bank question in those words).

The Chinese Revolution (1949)

• People’s Republic of China proclaimed: 1 October 1949, by Mao Zedong after the Communist victory in the civil war.
• The march behind it: the Long March (1934–35) made Mao the Communists’ leader.

The Cuban Revolution (1959)

• Fidel Castro took power in Cuba in 1959, overthrowing the Batista regime.
• Che Guevara — the Argentine-born revolutionary who fought alongside Castro — is the name papers pair with him.

The Iranian Revolution (1979)

• Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini returned to Iran in 1979 as the monarchy of the Shah fell and the Islamic Republic was proclaimed.

5. The leaders gallery — the names that recur

Ancient and medieval

• Alexander the Great — king of Macedon; conquered an empire from Greece to the Indus before dying in 323 BC at 32.
• Julius Caesar — Roman general and dictator; assassinated on the Ides of March, 44 BC; the month of July is named for him.
• Charlemagne — king of the Franks, crowned emperor in Rome in 800; called the “Father of Europe”.
• Genghis Khan — founder of the Mongol Empire, the largest contiguous land empire in history; died in 1227.

The nation-builders

• George Washington — commander of the American Revolution, first President of the USA (1789–1797).
• Abraham Lincoln — President through the American Civil War (1861–1865); issued the Emancipation Proclamation (1863) freeing enslaved people in the rebelling states; assassinated in 1865.
• Otto von Bismarck — the “Man of Iron and Blood” (the banks’ key, asked against Napoleon’s titles) — Chancellor who unified Germany (1871).
• Queen Victoria — reigned 1837–1901; the era and the empire are named for her; Empress of India from 1877.

Napoleon — the most-asked leader in the banks

• Napoleon Bonaparte belonged to: France — the banks ask this flat, repeatedly.
• Titles: “Man of Destiny” and “Little Corporal” — both are bank keys.
• Emperor of France from 1804; his armies redrew Europe for a decade.
• Last battle: Waterloo (1815) — defeated by the Duke of Wellington (the banks’ key for “Napoleon was defeated by”), near a small village in Belgium.
• After Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled to St Helena (taught in GK Lecture 9), where he died in 1821.
• Waterloo as idiom: “to meet one’s Waterloo” means a final, decisive defeat — the banks’ Europe lecture plants exactly this.

The Second World War’s Big Three

• Winston Churchill — British Prime Minister 1940–1945 (and again 1951–1955); the wartime voice of Britain; Nobel Prize in Literature 1953.
• Franklin D. Roosevelt — US President 1933–1945, the only president elected four times; died in office in April 1945.
• Joseph Stalin — leader of the Soviet Union 1924–1953; the banks pair him with Churchill and Roosevelt at Tehran (1943).

The freedom fighters

• Mahatma Gandhi — leader of India’s independence movement; the Salt March (1930); assassinated in 1948. (His Indian-politics dates also feed Pakistan Studies chapters — cross-linked, not double-taught.)
• Nelson Mandela — South Africa; imprisoned for 27 years; released in 1990 (both are bank keys); born 1918; President of South Africa 1994–1999, the country’s first Black president; Nobel Peace Prize 1993 (shared with F. W. de Klerk).
• Mao Zedong — founder-leader of the People’s Republic of China (1949); see Section 4.
• Martin Luther King Jr. — leader of the American civil-rights movement; “I Have a Dream” speech, 1963; Nobel Peace Prize 1964; assassinated in 1968.

The 2025 changing of the guard — the retrospective leaders table (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

Papers ask “who became president / prime minister of X” as a standing question type, and 2025 changed an unusually long list of office-holders: a new US president, a run of European governments, two Asian presidencies decided by snap or rerun elections, and two Pakistani changes in October–November. This table is the retrospective record for that year — every row is backed by a 2025 CA-bank question and verified against a standard news source in the 1 November 2026 run. Read it as “who took office in 2025”, not as today’s holders: later changes belong in the Current Affairs month files, not here. Japan’s 2025 change — Sanae Takaichi, first female Prime Minister, 21 October 2025 — is already taught in GK-08 Section 4A (2025 firsts) and is cross-linked, not duplicated, below.

World — 17 changes, January to December 2025:

Pakistan — 2 changes, October–November 2025:

5A. Retrospective — the June 2025 Iran–Israel war: the Twelve-Day War (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

No war in this chapter is as askable, right now, as the one papers had not yet seen when the chapter was written: in June 2025 Israel and Iran fought their first direct, sustained war — twelve days, three operation names, and a US bombing of Iran’s nuclear sites in the middle of it. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior coverage of it anywhere in the notes (no “Rising Lion”, “True Promise”, “Midnight Hammer” or “Fordow” in any chapter), so this table is new material, not a restatement. Every row is backed by a gk360 monthly CA-bank question and verified against standard news sources in the 1 November 2026 run. Read the operation names as a set: papers ask them flat (“what was the operation called”), and the three names are the whole set.

• What papers ask about this war, in order: the three operation names first, then the 13 June killings (Bagheri), then the new army chief (Hatami), then the 22 June US targets and the 24 June ceasefire. If you know only “Israel attacked Iran in June 2025” with no operation name, you will miss every stem in this set — the names are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-11’s deals table: GK-11 Section 9B teaches 2025 ceasefires and peace deals; this war’s 24 June ceasefire is the end of a war, and the war itself — its operations, commanders and nuclear sites — belongs with the wars in this chapter. Do not merge the two tables: Section 9B has no Iran–Israel row, and this table is where the war lives.

5B. Retrospective — the 2025 Russia–Ukraine diplomacy year: talks without a peace (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

The other war of 2025 produced no battle table — it produced a negotiation table. Across 2025 the Russia–Ukraine war was fought over in meeting rooms in Riyadh, Istanbul, Anchorage, Paris and Ankara, and every round ended the same way: prisoners came home, but no ceasefire was signed. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior coverage of this diplomacy anywhere in the notes (no “Riyadh”, “Istanbul talks”, “28-point” or “Rafale” in any chapter), so this table is new material, not a restatement. Every row is backed by a gk360 monthly CA-bank question and verified against standard news sources in the 1 November 2026 run. Read it as a chain of venues: papers ask “where were the talks” and “what was agreed” — and the honest answer for 2025 is almost always “prisoners, not peace”.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the venues first (Riyadh, Istanbul, Anchorage, Ankara), then the numbers (1,000-for-1,000; 1,200; 100 Rafales; 28 points; 600,000; $100 million), then the people (Svyrydenko, Medinsky, Umerov). If you know only “talks happened in 2025” with no venue, you will miss every stem — the venues are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-11’s deals table: GK-11 Section 9B teaches deals that were signed; nothing in this table was signed. This is a year of attempted peacemaking, and it belongs with the wars and leaders in this chapter — the diplomacy is the war’s 2025 story, not a treaty.

5C. Retrospective — the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict: Pahalgam to the DGMO understanding (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

The war Pakistan’s papers will ask about first from 2025 is the one closest to home — and it is the one the chapter previously did not cover at all: the chapter-check for this run found zero prior coverage of Pahalgam, Sindoor, Bunyan-un-Marsoos or Marka-e-Haq anywhere in the notes (GK-11 Section 9B teaches only the 10 May DGMO understanding as one row of its ceasefires table, cross-linked below, not the conflict itself). The CA bank backs this table thinly — 2 genuine rows (the SCO declaration row and the SBP coin row, both August 2025) and zero rows naming Sindoor, Bunyan or the DGMO call — so, following the Slice 7 Myanmar and Slice 9 Texas precedent, the chain itself is taught from standard news sources verified in the 1 November 2026 run, and only the 2 bank rows are counted. Read it as a date ladder: papers ask the trigger, the two operation names, and the ceasefire mechanism — and the contested claims (aircraft losses, casualty totals) are flagged in Traps, never taught as settled answers.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the trigger first (Pahalgam, 22 April, 26 killed), then the two operation names (Sindoor for India, Bunyan-un-Marsoos for Pakistan), then the ceasefire mechanism (DGMO call 15:35, stoppage 17:00, 10 May), then the two askable artefacts (Rs 75 coin; SCO Joint Declaration). If you know only “India and Pakistan fought in May 2025” with no operation name, you will miss every stem — the names and the DGMO times are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-11’s deals table: GK-11 Section 9B teaches deals that were signed or agreed as understandings in one line each; this table teaches the war itself — trigger, measures, operations, court follow-on and commemorations — and it belongs with the wars and leaders in this chapter, the way Section 5A teaches the Iran–Israel war rather than only its ceasefire.

5D. Retrospective — the 2025 obituaries year: the famous deaths papers ask (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

Every year papers ask “who died recently” — and 2025 gave them an unusually askable set, because the deaths span every category this chapter already teaches: a pope, a former prime minister, a world chess champion, a Kenyan literary giant, an Olympic champion, a cricket captain-coach, two Pakistani parliamentary figures, a Bollywood legend, and a serving army chief killed in a crash. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior obituary coverage anywhere in the notes (the only “death” rows in GK-01 are Nobel’s mistaken 1888 obituary anecdote, not a deaths table). The CA bank backs this table with 16 rows across 12 unique stems — the March 2025 file prints Greg Bell three times (ids 5, 10, 15) and the Spassky and al-Haddad stems twice each, so the row count is 16 but the stem count is 12, and duplicates are counted once. The table’s 13th row, Pope Francis, has no CA-bank row at all and is taught as a standard-reference row, stated not counted, on the Slice 20 precedent: a year-defining death papers will certainly ask cannot be left out because the bank missed it. Read the table as a month ladder — papers ask the name with the year, and the age or the “what was he/she” as the second half of the stem.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the name with the office first (Simitis = Greece ex-PM, Myint Swe = Myanmar acting president, Durrani = Sindh Speaker, al-Haddad = Libya army chief), then the sport/field second (Bell = long jump 1956, Spassky = chess 1969–72, Dahlmeier = biathlon/Laila Peak, Simpson = Australia captain-coach), then the firsts third (Pope Francis = first Latin American/Jesuit pope, Ngũgĩ = African languages). If you know only “someone famous died in 2025” with no office or field, you will miss every stem — the office/field is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-06’s sports or GK-05’s books: the deaths cross every GK category at once — politics, religion, literature, sport, film — and papers ask them as one “who died in 2025” set. The sports deaths (Bell, Dahlmeier, Simpson) are cross-linked to GK-06’s sports tables, not duplicated there, and Ngũgĩ is cross-linked to GK-05’s books table, not duplicated there; this table is the single revision sheet for the whole set.

5E. Retrospective — the 2025 Syria year: from pariah to partner in eleven months (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

No country changed its standing faster in 2025 than Syria. In January it was a pariah state run by a former insurgent under sanctions; by November its president had been received at the White House and Syria had joined the anti-ISIS coalition. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior Syria-transition coverage anywhere in the notes (GK-03 carries the organisations, not this story). The CA bank backs this table with 8 rows — March ids 34/48, July ids 39/69/70, September id 47, November ids 52/195 — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20 precedent: a transition this fast cannot be taught from 8 bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. March also saw the transition’s first internal crisis, the coastal Alawite violence from 6 March (Assad loyalists vs government forces, the worst violence since the December 2024 fall), which the table carries as context, not as a dated row — the bank carries no row on it. Read the table as a ladder: president → recognition → constitution → sanctions off → crisis → investment → vote → White House.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the man first (Sharaa, 29 January), then the recognition ladder (OIC 7 March, SDF 10 March, constitution 13 March), then the money second (sanctions off May–June, $6.4 billion July forum), then the vote and the visit third (5 October elections, 10 November White House, 90th coalition member). If you know only “Syria changed government” with no date, you will miss every stem — the dates are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-03’s organisations: the OIC and coalition rows are here as dated events in a transition story, not as organisation profiles — GK-03 keeps the bodies’ HQs and heads, this table keeps the year. The sanctions row is cross-linked to GK-10’s economy tables, not duplicated there; this table is the single revision sheet for the whole transition.

5F. Retrospective — the 2025 protest movements year: perks, bans and a killing (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year streets moved governments. Four of this table’s seven movements were about the same grievance — lawmakers’ perks and elite privilege (Indonesia’s housing allowance, Timor-Leste’s cars and lifetime pensions, AJK’s elite privileges, Nepal’s corruption and nepotism) — and in three of the four the government conceded or fell: Nepal’s prime minister resigned, Timor-Leste’s parliament scrapped both the cars and the pensions, Indonesia’s president cut the perks, and AJK’s governments signed an agreement accepting most of the charter. The other three rows are different in kind: a solidarity march (Sydney), a subsidy revolt (Greece) and a killing that set off a country (Bangladesh). The chapter-check for this run found zero prior protest-movement coverage anywhere in the notes (the Timor-Leste hits elsewhere are ASEAN membership, not these protests; Nepal’s interim prime minister Sushila Karki is absent from Section 5’s leadership table, so this section supplies her, not duplicates her). The CA bank backs this table with 12 rows — August ids 12/20, September ids 8/31/136/143/144, October id 6, December ids 9/10/79/80 — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20 precedent: a year’s street movements cannot be taught from 12 bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: Sydney (solidarity) → Indonesia (perks) → Nepal (ban) → Timor-Leste (cars) → AJK (charter) → Greece (subsidies) → Bangladesh (killing).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the trigger first (allowance / ban / cars / charter / subsidies / shooting), then the concession or the fall (31 August perks cut, 9 September Oli out, 16 + 26 September Timor concessions, 4 October AJK agreement), then the name-and-date pair (March for Humanity 3 August, Hadi 12/18 December). If you know only “there were protests in 2025” with no trigger, you will miss every stem — the trigger is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-03’s organisations or GK-09’s miscellany: these are dated world events in a single year’s story, not organisation profiles and not Pakistan records — GK-03 keeps the bodies, GK-09 keeps Pakistan’s symbols and institutions, this table keeps the year. The AJK row is cross-linked to the leadership table’s AJK prime-minister change (Rathore, 18 November), not duplicated there; the Nepal row supplies the Karki interim government Section 5 missed.

5G. Retrospective — the 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan year: deportations, warnings and the October border war (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the Pakistan–Afghanistan relationship ran its full arc in twelve months: it opened with a deportation deadline, spent the middle of the year trading warnings at the United Nations, exploded into the worst border fighting since the Taliban’s 2021 return, and closed with a ceasefire that held but no settlement — crossings shut, talks parked for a principals’ meeting, and both sides still counting the same grievance. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior Pakistan–Afghanistan coverage anywhere in the notes (the Durand Line sits in PS-03’s 1857 aftermath as a 19th-century fact, not this story; the Kunar earthquake of 31 August sits in GEO-02 Section 2B as a disaster, not a diplomatic row; the Istanbul implementation talks sit in GK-11 Section 9B as a ceasefire row, cross-linked here, not duplicated). The CA bank backs this table with 15 rows — January id 56, March id 40, June id 4, August ids 110/172/173, September id 95, October ids 12/22, November ids 97/126, December ids 21/25/114/115 — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20 precedent: a year’s border war cannot be taught from 15 bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: deadline (March) → warnings (September–November) → war (October) → ceasefire without settlement (October–December).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the deadline first (31 March, ACC, IFRP), then the forum (UNSC, TTP, sanctuaries), then the war’s dates and the ceasefire’s place (11 October clashes, 19 October Doha, 25–30 October Istanbul, 6 November principals), then the December close (Chaman, clerics, Azerbaijan). If you know only “Pakistan and Afghanistan fought in 2025” with no deadline and no Doha date, you will miss every stem — the deadline and the venue are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-09’s Pakistan miscellany or GK-11’s treaties: this is a dated world-conflict year in a single country’s story, not a Pakistan record and not a signed treaty — GK-09 keeps Pakistan’s symbols and institutions, GK-11 Section 9B keeps the ceasefire row, this table keeps the year. The 2026 escalation rows (February 2026 “open war” and operation rows) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5H. Retrospective — the 2025 Gaza year: two ceasefires and a Council resolution (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Gaza’s war produced two ceasefires and one Security Council resolution — and no settlement. It opened with a three-phase deal that ended fifteen months of fighting, broke down in March, spent the summer in flotillas, famine warnings and recognition waves, and closed with a second, American-backed deal in October that the Council then endorsed in November — while the governance and disarmament questions it left open stayed open. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior Gaza-year coverage anywhere in the notes (the October 2025 ceasefire sits in GK-11 Section 9B only as a ceasefire row, cross-linked here, not duplicated; the Sydney March for Humanity sits in Section 5F as a protest, not as Gaza history). The CA bank backs this table with 23 unique stems / 25 rows — January ids 11/12, April ids 35/40 (one stem, printed twice), July ids 29/33/38/115, August ids 98/158/175, September ids 1/56/57/60/111, October ids 84/85/87, November ids 121/132/133/137/150/163 (132/163 one stem, printed twice) — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/31 precedent: a year’s war cannot be taught from bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: ceasefire (January) → collapse (March) → pressure (July–September) → second ceasefire (October) → Council endorsement (November).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the two ceasefires’ dates first (19 January and 10 October, with 9 October as the agreement date — never swap them), then the plan and the resolution (20 points, 2803, 13–0–2), then the mediators (three in January, four in October), then the recognition wave (September 2025, UK/Canada/Australia/Portugal/France) and the flotilla (Global Sumud, 1–3 October). If you know only “Gaza ceasefire 2025” with no January/October split, you will miss every stem — the year has two ceasefires, and papers ask which one.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-11’s treaties or GK-09’s miscellany: this is a dated world-conflict year, not a signed treaty (the October deal is a phased agreement whose later phases were still unnegotiated in November, and Resolution 2803 endorses a plan rather than settling one) and not a Pakistan record — GK-11 Section 9B keeps the ceasefire row, Section 5F keeps the Sydney protest, this table keeps the year. The 2026 rows (South Africa–Israel envoy expulsions, the Board of Peace’s $17 billion pledge, the second-phase launch of 14 January 2026, the London Palestine embassy opening) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5I. Retrospective — the 2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict year: two rounds, three agreements (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the world’s oldest-running temple-border dispute turned into two rounds of war between two ASEAN members — and produced three separate agreements, none of which held for the whole year. It opened with a single soldier’s death in May, escalated through a prime minister’s fall in Bangkok, fought for five days in July, was papered over in October, and then fought again for twenty days in December before a second ceasefire on 27 December. The chapter-check for this run found zero prior conflict coverage anywhere in the notes (Thailand appears only in Section 5’s leadership table — Paetongtarn’s removal and Anutin’s election — cross-linked here, not duplicated; the SEA Games and the Pakistan–Thailand armoured-vehicle rows in the CA bank are not conflict rows and are not taught here). The CA bank backs this table with 6 rows / 6 unique stems — May id 53, July ids 20/68/93, August id 77, November id 25 — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/31 precedent: a year’s war cannot be taught from bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: killing (May) → fall of a prime minister (June–August) → five-day war and ceasefire (July) → peace declaration (October) → second war and second ceasefire (December).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the three agreements first (28 July ceasefire, 26 October declaration, 27 December ceasefire — never merge them), then the two triggers (28 May killing, July landmine), then the Bangkok fall (suspended 1 July, removed 29 August), then the mediators (Anwar/ASEAN chair, USA co-organiser, China participant; Trump + Anwar as witnesses in October), then the loose end (18 soldiers, 29 July capture → 31 December release). If you know only “Thailand–Cambodia ceasefire 2025” with no July/October/December split, you will miss every stem — the year has three agreements, and papers ask which one.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-11’s treaties or GK-09’s miscellany: this is a dated world-conflict year, not a signed-treaty system (the October declaration is a political declaration whose implementation collapsed within weeks, and the two ceasefires are military agreements) and not a Pakistan record — GK-11 keeps treaty rows, Section 5 keeps the prime-minister change, this table keeps the year. The 2026 rows (the October 2026 first-anniversary assessments, the still-closed crossings and the “waiting villages”) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5J. Retrospective — the 2025 Latin America year: a rightward election wave, one landmark trial, and a Caribbean first (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Latin America’s ballot boxes moved together: four presidential contests in seven months (Ecuador in April, Guyana in September, Bolivia in October, Chile in December) plus a parliamentary first in Suriname, a midterm landslide in Argentina, and — running underneath the elections — a US pressure campaign against Venezuela that went from a single boat strike in September to a tanker blockade in December. The through-line papers test is the direction of travel: in every 2025 presidential contest in this table the winner ran on crime, security or economic crisis, and in Bolivia and Chile the result ended a long left-wing run. The chapter-check for this run found no prior Latin America year-table anywhere in the notes: the region appears only as scattered rows — Holness’s third term in Section 5’s leadership table, Uruguay’s euthanasia law in GK-08 Section 4A’s firsts table, and BRICS Rio plus COP30 Belém in GK-11 Section 9A’s summit table — all three cross-linked here, not duplicated, and the country/capital facts stay in GK-01. The CA bank backs this table with 12 genuine 2025 rows — January id 10, February id 6, June id 47, July ids 114/123, August id 40, September ids 2/119, October id 55, November ids 41/44, December id 7 — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/31 precedent: a year’s elections cannot be taught from bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: renaming (January) → re-election (April) → assassination (June) → archaeology and a first woman president (July) → re-election and escalation (September) → trial and firsts (September–October) → the rightward runoffs (October–December).

5K. Retrospective — the 2025 Africa year: a dam, a first championship, and a war that talked (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Africa’s big stories stopped being background: the continent’s largest dam switched on, its first cycling world championship arrived, a central-African war produced two Doha documents in four months, and the year’s health firsts came from East Africa. The through-line papers test is the firsts: first BRICS partner, first African UCI host, first Arab UNESCO chief, first African country in the table to eliminate a disease — and, running underneath, the two UN alarms (Sudan’s displacement, eastern Congo’s hunger) that show the year’s other face. The chapter-check for this run found no prior Africa year-table anywhere in the notes: the continent appears only as scattered rows — Mandela in the leaders gallery, Ngũgĩ and al-Haddad in Section 5D’s obituaries table, and Freetown’s first African Urban Heat Summit in EDS-09 Section 8A’s climate table — all three cross-linked here, not duplicated, and the country/capital facts stay in GK-01. The CA bank backs this table with 12 genuine 2025 rows — January id 125, July ids 63/74/133, August ids 11/147/174, October id 58, November ids 138/139/156, December id 65 — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/31 precedent: every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: bloc (January) → peace papers (July–November) → a crash and a cure (August) → a dam and a championship (September) → a UNESCO first (October) → two alarms (November) → a cup (December).

5L. Retrospective — the 2025 Europe year: new chancellors, a rearmament pledge, and a continent that voted all year (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Europe changed governments almost monthly and then wrote the change down in money: a new German chancellor elected only on the second ballot, a French prime minister who fell in September and a successor who resigned within a month and was reappointed days later, a Dutch cabinet that fell in June and an election that tied in October, and, underneath the politics, a NATO pledge to spend 5% of GDP and an EU–US tariff truce at 15%. The through-line papers test is the pairings: election + winner, summit + number, approval + adoption date — and the trap is always the neighbouring year (Bulgaria’s euro was approved in 2025 but adopted in 2026; France’s September 2025 bank row still names the 2024 prime minister).

The rest of Europe’s 2025 story is filed where it belongs, not repeated here: the other European holders who changed in 2025 — Milanović (Croatia), De Wever (Belgium), Tassoulas (Greece), Dan (Romania), Nawrocki (Poland), Ruginienė (Lithuania), Babiš (Czech Republic) — sit in Section 5’s changing-of-the-guard table; the year’s European firsts — Albania’s AI minister Diella and MI6’s first female chief Blaise Metreweli — sit in GK-08’s firsts tables; the UK–Germany Kensington Treaty (17 July) sits in GK-11 Section 9C; and the Russia–Ukraine diplomacy chain sits in Section 5B. No 🔁/⭐ is claimed for this table itself — one year only — and the September 2025 recognitions row (Spain, Ireland, Norway) is not a 2025 Europe row: see the Section 5H Traps note, which holds it as a wrong-year key.

5M. Retrospective — the 2025 Asia year: new prime ministers, one arrest, and a parade of three (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Asia changed its governments at the ballot box and in parliament, arrested a former president on an international warrant, and then gathered its rival blocs in one square: a South Korean snap election after a martial-law impeachment, a Japanese first woman prime minister, a Thai prime minister elected by parliament after a court removal, a Mongolian prime minister who lasted four months, two Southeast Asian elections that returned the incumbents with reduced shares, an ASEAN that signed its next twenty years and admitted its eleventh member, and a Beijing parade where the leaders of China, Russia and North Korea stood together for the first time in decades. The through-line papers test is the pairing: country + new name + date — and the trap is always the neighbouring event (Nepal’s September fall sits in Section 5F, Thailand’s Cambodia war sits in Section 5I, and the January 2026 bank row that dates Myanmar’s first voting phase to 5 January is a filing-month error, not the vote date). The CA bank backs this table with 11 rows — October ids 35/90 (Takaichi), August id 44 (Ishiba holder), September id 97 (Ishiba resignation), June id 23 (Lee), September id 53 (Yunus holder), October id 50 (Hwasong-20), August id 53 + December ids 90/131/132 (Prabowo holder, award and visit) — and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20 precedent: a continent’s election year cannot be taught from 11 bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: arrest (March) → elections (May–June) → parade and prime ministers (September–October) → admission and votes (October–December).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the new name first (Lee, Takaichi, Anutin, Zandanshatar, Wong, Prabowo), then the number (49.42%, 237 votes, 311 votes, 87/97, 89/102, 65.57%, 43.26%), then the date pair (3 June / 4 June, 3 June / 13 June, 21 October, 26 October, 28 December). If you know only “Asia had elections in 2025” with no name and no number, you will miss every stem — the name-and-number pair is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-03’s organisations or GK-09’s Pakistan miscellany: these are dated Asian events in a single year’s story, not organisation profiles and not Pakistan records — GK-03 keeps ASEAN’s profile (and Timor-Leste’s membership now sits there as a standing fact), GK-09 keeps Pakistan’s awards and visits, this table keeps the year. The year’s Asian street movements sit in Section 5F (Nepal’s Gen Z fall, Indonesia’s perks protests, Timor-Leste’s car protests) and its Asian wars sit in Section 5C (India–Pakistan), Section 5G (Pakistan–Afghanistan) and Section 5I (Thailand–Cambodia) — this table cross-links all four, and duplicates none of them. The 2026 Asia rows (Takaichi’s January 2026 dissolution, Yoon’s February 2026 life sentence, Lee’s January 2026 China visit, Myanmar’s January 2026 phases, Mongolia’s March 2026 successor) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5N. Retrospective — the 2025 Gulf year: visits, visas, and a war that reached Sana’a (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the Gulf stopped being background: Riyadh hosted the first US–Russia Ukraine talks and signed both the Pakistan defence pact and the American defence deal, Doha hosted the Arab-Islamic summit and the Congo peace papers, and the year’s Pakistan–Gulf traffic — consultations, visas, investment protocols, exercises and state visits — became a question set of its own, alongside the one Gulf war thread papers actually track, Yemen. The through-line papers test is the pairing: country + instrument + date — a consultation round, a visa scheme, a protocol amount, a visit’s first-in-years interval — and the trap is always the neighbouring item (the 18 November defence deal is not the 20 November ally designation, the August strike is not the September bombing, and the officials-only waiver is not a general visa waiver). The CA bank backs this table with 23 rows — February ids 13/22, July id 66, August ids 1/13/15/18/75/189, September id 14, October id 31, November ids 16/32/35/43/91/142/170, December ids 27/45/47/48/70 — and the rest of this section is cross-links, stated not counted: the Riyadh Ukraine talks sit in Section 5B, the Pakistan–SFD agreement and the US–Saudi defence deal sit in GK-11 Section 9C, the Doha summit sits in GK-11 Section 9A, the SMDA sits in GK-09 Section 3A, the DRC–M23 Doha papers sit in Section 5K, the Gaza zero-tolerance stance sits in Section 5H, and Miftah’s name sits in Section 5’s leadership table. Read the table as a ladder: consultations (February) → visas (February–July) → Yemen (August–September) → investment and visits (October–November) → designations and December visits.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the instrument first (consultations round, visa scheme, protocol amount, designation number), then the country pair (Pakistan–Qatar, Pakistan–UAE, Pakistan–Saudi, Israel–Egypt), then the date (10 February, 31 August, 15–16 November, 20 November, 26 December). If you know only “the Gulf was busy in 2025” with no instrument and no number, you will miss every stem — the instrument-and-number pair is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-11’s agreements or GK-09’s Pakistan miscellany: these are dated Gulf events in a single year’s story, not treaty profiles and not Pakistan records — GK-11 keeps the agreements (SFD, SMDA’s treaty frame, the US–Saudi deal), GK-09 keeps Pakistan’s defence record, this table keeps the year. The year’s Gulf wars sit in Section 5A (Iran–Israel) and Section 5H (Gaza) and its Gulf summits sit in GK-11 Section 9A (Doha) — this table cross-links all three, and duplicates none of them. Bahrain and Kuwait have no 2025 bank row in the 12 files — nothing is taught for them here, and no Gulf-year claim is made on their behalf. The 2026 Gulf rows (the January 2026 files’ standing-holder rows and the November 2026 World file’s Yemen sequel) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5O. Retrospective — the 2025 Oceania year: firsts on land, at sea, and in the courts (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Oceania stopped being the map’s quiet corner: Australia produced the world’s first kangaroo IVF embryos and the world’s first koala chlamydia vaccine, signed a 50-year submarine treaty and an $8.5 billion minerals framework, and put the world’s first under-16 social-media ban into effect; the Pacific islands changed prime ministers twice, opened the world’s first climate-mobility ballot, and staged the world’s first live underwater interview by a head of state. The through-line papers test is the first: first IVF marsupial embryos, first koala vaccine, first climate-mobility ballot, first Quad-at-Sea mission, first underwater interview, first under-16 ban — and the trap is always the neighbouring name (Napat is prime minister, not president; the Bondi hero is Ahmed al-Ahmed, not the bank row’s name; the Ghost Shark contract is A$1.7 billion, not the bank row’s $1 billion). The CA bank backs this table with 18 rows / 17 unique stems — February ids 5/7, July ids 52/150, August id 161, September ids 107/129/139, October ids 41/69, November ids 51/77/79/169, December ids 8/95/98/99 — and the rest of this section is cross-links and held rows, stated not counted: the August March for Humanity sits in Section 5F, the sports rows sit in GK-06, and the December reef row and the September lecanemab row are held below. Read the table as a ladder: science (February) → leaders (February, December) → climate mobility (June) → security (July, September, October) → conservation (September) → courts and storms (November) → firsts and tragedy (December). Napat’s and Fakafanua’s names already sit in Section 5’s leadership table; here they sit in the year’s story, not duplicated as a second leadership claim.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the first first (kangaroo IVF, koala vaccine, climate ballot, Quad-at-Sea mission, underwater interview, under-16 ban), then the country + instrument pair (Geelong 50 years, minerals $8.5 billion, COP31 split presidency, Fina Category 3 at Darwin), then the name that breaks the pattern (Napat the prime minister, al-Ahmed the hero, Fakafanua the noble premier). If you know only “Australia was busy in 2025” with no first and no number, you will miss every stem — the first-and-number pair is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GEO-05’s Oceania file or GK-06’s sports tables: these are dated 2025 Oceania events in a single year’s story, not continent geography and not results — GEO-05 keeps the 14 Oceania countries, the capitals and the physical map, GK-06 keeps the tri-series, the Test final and the World Cup hosting rows, and this table keeps the year. The year’s Oceania protest sits in Section 5F, its Gaza-recognition row sits in Section 5H, and its AUKUS frame sits in GK-11’s agreements — this table cross-links all three, and duplicates none of them. Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Kiribati, Nauru, Marshall Islands and Micronesia return zero 2025 rows in the 12 files — nothing is taught for them here, and no Oceania-year claim is made on their behalf. The 2026 Oceania rows (the January–May 2026 files’ standing-holder rows and the November 2026 World file’s items) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5P. Retrospective — the 2025 North America year: a second term, a tariff war, and a continent that kept answering Washington (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year North America stopped being background: a second Trump term opened with withdrawals and renamings on day one, a tariff war opened against Canada within a fortnight and against Pakistan within months, Canada changed prime ministers and then re-elected him on an anti-tariff wave, and the year’s American story ran from courtrooms and launch pads (GENIUS Act, Golden Dome, Genesis Mission) to a broadcaster silenced after 83 years, an activist assassinated on a campus, and a Caribbean military build-up named in November. The through-line papers test is the pair: the date with the number — 20 January with 47th, 28 April with 169, 29% → 19%, $175 billion, $1 million, $686 million — and the trap is always the direction (whose tariff on whom, whose designation of whom, which court, which title is statutory and which is not). The CA bank backs this table with 27 rows — January ids 1/13/15/16/20/117, February id 16, March id 49, April id 2, May id 43, June id 24, July ids 23/40/47/124, August ids 21/27/38/125/164, September ids 36/135, November ids 48/55/159, December ids 108/119 — and the rest of this section is cross-links and held rows, stated not counted: the Gulf renaming sits in Section 5J, the Anchorage summit and the 28-point draft sit in Section 5B, the Midnight Hammer strike sits in Section 5A, the G7 summit sits in GK-11 Section 9A, the Venezuela escalation sits in Section 5J, the Saudi designation and visit sit in Section 5N, the Syria White House visit sits in Section 5E, the Gaza mediator rows sit in Section 5H, and the sports rows sit in GK-06. Read the table as a ladder: inauguration (January) → tariffs (February, April–August) → elections (March–April) → technology and law (May–July) → designations and deaths (August–September) → the Caribbean and the machines (November) → money and metal (December). Trump’s and Carney’s names already sit in Section 5’s leadership table; here they sit in the year’s story, not duplicated as a second leadership claim.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the inauguration pair first (Trump 47th, 20 January; Vance), then the tariff ladder (Canada C$155 billion in February; Pakistan 29% → 19% by July), then the election pair (Carney 14 March, then 169/343 on 28 April), then the technology-and-law firsts (Golden Dome $175 billion; GENIUS Act 18 July; Genesis Mission 24 November; Gold Card $1 million), then the designations and deaths (BLA/Majeed FTO 11 August; Kirk 10 September; VOA silenced 2 September), then the November pair (Southern Spear 13th; migration pause 27th) and the December closer (F-16 $686 million, 8 December). If you know only “Trump returned in 2025” with no number and no direction, you will miss every stem — the number and the direction are the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-01’s country files or GK-10’s economics tables: these are dated 2025 North America events in a single year’s story, not country geography and not tariff theory — GK-01 keeps the capitals and the map, GK-10 keeps the tariff and trade concepts, and this table keeps the year. The year’s Gulf renaming sits in Section 5J, its Ukraine diplomacy in Section 5B, its Iran war in Section 5A, its summits in GK-11 Section 9A, and its sports in GK-06 — this table cross-links all five, and duplicates none of them. Mexico returns no standalone 2025 row in the 12 files — it appears only through the World Cup hosts trio (October id 39, served from GK-06) and the tariff-war context — and no Mexico-year claim is made on that basis. The 2026 North America rows (the January–May 2026 files’ standing-holder rows and the November 2026 Pakistan/World files’ items) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5Q. Retrospective — the 2025 South Asia year: two uprisings’ aftershocks, one charter, and a neighbourhood that kept score (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year South Asia’s 2024 uprisings turned into 2025 institutions and verdicts: Bangladesh’s interim government signed a reform charter, then watched its ousted prime minister sentenced to death in absentia and its December election campaign turn violent; Nepal’s Gen Z street rising replaced a prime minister with a former chief justice in four days; and the neighbourhood’s quieter ledger — a thaw with Pakistan, a fighter-jet decision, a hydropower inauguration and a first in public health — filled the months between the crises. The through-line papers test is the pairing: country + instrument or name + date — and the trap is always the neighbouring table (Nepal’s protests and Hadi’s killing sit in Section 5F, Sri Lanka’s local polls sit in Section 5M, Cyclone Ditwah sits in GEO-02 Section 2B, and the January aid freeze sits in Section 5P — this table cross-links all four and duplicates none of them). The CA bank backs this table with 21 rows — January id 104, June id 45, July id 36, August ids 83/99/119/190, September ids 52/53/108/136/145, October ids 17/64/76, November ids 4/17/46/47/130/190 — of which 17 are event rows and 4 are standing-holder rows (Oli as Nepal’s prime minister before September, Waker-uz-Zaman as Bangladesh’s army chief, Shahabuddin as Bangladesh’s president, Yunus as its chief adviser), stated as holders, not events. The rest of this section is cross-links and held rows, stated not counted: the Nepal protest chain and Hadi’s killing sit in Section 5F, the Sri Lanka polls in Section 5M, Ditwah in GEO-02 Section 2B, the January aid freeze in Section 5P, and the December Pakistan–Saudi counter-terrorism row (December id 66, keyed Saudi Arabia) sits in Section 5N. Read the table as a ladder: quake (January) → symbols (June) → crash (July) → thaw (August) → fall and firsts (September) → deals and charter (October) → verdicts and visits (November) → killing (December).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the verdict first (Hasina, death in absentia, 17 November, ICT), then the charter pair (July Charter, 17 October; elections + referendum announced 13 November for February 2026), then the Nepal pair (Karki, 12 September, first woman PM; Bhandari, first woman AG), then the Pakistan–Bangladesh thaw (visa-free officials, August; 9th JEC, Dhaka, October; sports cooperation, November), then the hardware and firsts (F-7 crash 21 July, at least 31; J-10C decision, October; Punatsangchhu-II 1,020 MW, 11 November; Maldives triple elimination; Blind Women’s World Cup, Sri Lanka hosts, India wins). If you know only “Bangladesh and Nepal had a big 2025” with no name and no date, you will miss every stem — the name-and-date pair is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-09’s Pakistan miscellany or GK-11’s agreements: these are dated 2025 South Asia events in a single year’s story, not Pakistan records and not treaty profiles — GK-09 keeps Pakistan’s own record, GK-11 keeps the agreements’ texts, and this table keeps the year. The year’s South Asian street movements sit in Section 5F (Nepal’s fall, Hadi’s killing), its South Asian elections sit in Section 5M (Sri Lanka’s polls), its South Asian storm sits in GEO-02 Section 2B (Ditwah), its aid freeze sits in Section 5P (global, not Bangladesh-only), and its Pakistan–Saudi December row sits in Section 5N — this table cross-links all five, and duplicates none of them. Bhutan returns one 2025 row (the November hydropower inauguration) and Maldives one (the triple-elimination row); neither country gets a fuller 2025 claim on this bank, and no absence is filled from memory. The 2026 South Asia rows (the February 2026 Bangladesh election and referendum, the January–May 2026 files’ standing-holder rows, the November 2026 Pakistan/World files’ items) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5R. Retrospective — the 2025 Central Asia year: borders settled, two summits, and a region that hosted the world (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Central Asia stopped being the map’s blank middle and started setting its own dates: a border treaty that ended one of the region’s longest disputes, a trilateral summit that fixed a three-country tripoint in a single day, two first-or-second summits that gave the region a strategic partnership with Europe and a permanent-friendship treaty with China, and a UN conference in a Caspian resort town that wrote the next decade’s programme for all 32 landlocked countries. The through-line papers test is the pairing: place + document + date — Samarkand means the EU strategic partnership, Astana means the permanent-friendship treaty, Bishkek means the border treaty, Awaza means the landlocked programme — and the trap is always the neighbouring summit (the SCO’s Astana summit belongs to 2024, not to this year, and the SCO’s 2025 summit sits in GK-03 Section 7A, in Tianjin). The CA bank backs this table with 8 rows — January id 85 + February id 57 (the same Tashkent consultations item, filed twice — counted once as an event), August ids 6/185 (the same Awaza conference, two stems), August id 198, September id 120, November ids 62/99 — over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025centralasia.py (14 pattern rows, 5 excluded as distractors or misdated — see Traps); the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20 precedent: a region’s summit year cannot be taught from 8 bank rows alone, and no row here is invented — every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: year-frame → borders (February–March) → summits (April–June) → Pakistan links + the UN conference (August) → security and economic meetings (September–November) → forum close (December).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the borders first (Bishkek treaty 13 March, 1,008.14 km; Khujand tripoint 31 March), then the two summits (Samarkand 4 April, strategic partnership + €12bn; Astana 16–18 June, permanent-friendship treaty 17 June), then the UN conference (Awaza 5–8 August, Programme 2024–2034, 32 LLDCs), then the Pakistan links (Tashkent consultations 5 February; Kyrgyzstan crypto MoUs, August; Uzbekistan pharma committee, November), then the meetings (RATS 44th, Kyrgyzstan, September; CAREC 24th, Bishkek, 20 November) and the frame that opens and closes the year (Peace and Trust, res 78/266; Ashgabat Forum 12 December). If you know only “Central Asia had summits in 2025” with no city and no document, you will miss every stem — the city-and-document pair is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-03’s organisations or GK-11’s summits: these are dated 2025 Central Asia events in a single year’s story, not organisation profiles and not treaty texts — GK-03 keeps the SCO’s 2025 Tianjin summit, GK-11 keeps the agreements’ profiles, and this table keeps the year. The year’s Central Asian disasters sit in GEO-02 (the March Myanmar quake is not Central Asia and is not claimed here), its Central Asian street movements sit nowhere (none are banked for 2025), and its Pakistan–Central Asia defence rows sit in GK-09 — this table cross-links GK-03 and GK-11, and duplicates neither. Kazakhstan returns no standalone 2025 event row beyond hosting Astana; Tajikistan’s year is the border treaty and the tripoint; Turkmenistan’s is the Peace and Trust frame, LLDC-3 and the Ashgabat Forum — no absence is filled from memory. The 2026 Central Asia rows (the November 2026 Pakistan/World files’ items) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.

5S. Retrospective — the 2025 faith year: a Jubilee, a Kumbh, a conclave and a first woman at Canterbury (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the world’s faiths made exam-ready news on every continent at once: a Catholic Jubilee that began under one pope and ended under another, the largest Hindu gathering on earth with a stampede on its holiest bathing day, a two-day conclave that produced the first American-born pope, a Hajj count that broke a thirty-year pattern, a succession statement from a 90-year-old spiritual leader that set up a contest with Beijing, and the first woman named to lead the Church of England in its 1,400-year history. The through-line papers test is the pairing: event + name + date — Prayagraj means the Kumbh, 8 May means Leo XIV, 2 July means the Dalai Lama’s statement, 3 October means Mullally — and the trap is always the neighbouring number: the Kumbh’s announced toll against its later official count, the Hajj’s projected pilgrims against its counted pilgrims, the Jubilee’s opening pope against its closing pope. The CA bank backs this table with 1 genuine row — May 2025 id 23 (the current head of the Roman Catholic Church is Pope Leo XIV) — over 22 CA files / 2,710 questions, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025faith.py (6 pattern rows, 1 stale + 4 adjacent/false positives excluded — see Traps); the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted. Pope Francis’s death itself (21 April 2025) sits in Section 5D and is not duplicated here; the Hajj’s rites sit in IS-03/IS-09 and are not re-taught here — this table keeps the year’s dates, names and numbers.

• Why it sits in this chapter, not in the Islamic Studies chapters or GK-03’s organisations: these are dated 2025 world events in a single year’s story, not doctrine and not organisation profiles — IS-03 keeps the Hajj’s rites, IS-09 keeps Islamic months and worship, GK-03 keeps the Vatican only as an observer-state fact, and this table keeps the year. The year’s other faith-adjacent rows sit elsewhere and are cross-linked, not duplicated: Francis’s death in Section 5D, the Gaza war’s religious dimensions in Section 5H, Pakistan’s religious-politics rows in GK-09. Ramadan and Eid dates for 2025 are not tabled — routine calendar, not a 2025 event — and no 2025 faith row is claimed for a country or community this table does not name. The 2026 faith rows (the Jubilee’s 6 January 2026 closing is noted only as the Jubilee’s end date; Mullally’s 2026 confirmation/installation likewise) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here as 2025 events.

5T. Retrospective — the 2025 migration & displacement year: one boat disaster, two British turnings, and one Pakistani network (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year migration stopped being background and became a headline in its own right — not through one crisis but through four different kinds of migration story landing in the same twelve months: a deadly Atlantic crossing that killed Pakistanis in large numbers, a British government that first invented a new weapon against the smugglers and then rewrote its own asylum rules, and a United Nations network launched in Pakistan to govern migration rather than just police it. The through-line papers test is the number with the place: Mauritania 44, UK sanctions world-first, UNNM Pakistan, UK 20-year wait — and the trap is always the neighbouring figure: the boat’s passengers against its dead, an announcement against a launch, a file month against an event date. The CA bank backs this table with 4 rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025migration.py (20 migration-pattern rows in total; the other 16 are cross-linked or adjacent, not cited here — see below). No 🔁/⭐ mark is claimed for this table itself — one year only, four rows, below both 🔁 limbs.

• Why it sits in this chapter, not scattered across the regional year tables: these are four dated 2025 migration events in one year’s story, not regional history — and the rest of 2025’s migration story is already filed where it belongs, cross-linked here and not duplicated: the Yemen boat capsize of 3 August (toll flagged 68 vs 96) sits in Section 5N’s Gulf year; the Falepili climate-mobility ballot (June, 280 a year, Tuvalu → Australia) sits in Section 5O’s Oceania year; the Pakistan–Afghanistan deportation arc (singers’ stay 10 January, ACC deadline 31 March, Germany’s ask in August, Chaman supplies in December) sits in Section 5G; Sudan’s displacement crisis (UN, November) sits in Section 5K’s Africa year; the Punjab floods’ 5.1 million displaced (August) and the monsoon floods’ 9 million affected (November) sit in GEO-02’s flood year; Trump’s “permanently pause migration” post (27 November) sits in Section 5P’s North America year; and the Dutch cabinet’s fall over asylum policy (3 June) sits in Section 5L’s Europe year. The pattern rows held, not taught, as events: the Dubai AI immigration corridor (August id 108 — airport clearance, not migration), the SAFRON minister holder row (September id 112), the Yaghi refugee-family note (October id 77 — a Nobel laureate’s family background, not a migration event) and the US visa-warning row (September id 132). The Slice 68 Middle East candidate’s Section 5T label was provisional and that table was never added — Section 5T now hosts this table, and the Middle East year remains unadded, not silently replaced.

5U. Retrospective — the 2025 Sahel year: three exits, one confederation, and the world’s worst terrorism ranking (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the Sahel stopped being a region on other blocs’ maps and became a bloc of its own: in twelve months Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger walked out of three institutions — ECOWAS in January, the Francophonie in March, the International Criminal Court in September — and built the replacements in parallel: a common passport in January, a joint force announced in January and formally commissioned in December, a confederal bank and a confederal broadcaster at the December summit. The through-line papers test is the exit ladder — ECOWAS 29 January, OIF 17–18 March, ICC 22 September — with the terrorism ranking underneath it: the Sahel’s three states fill three of the Global Terrorism Index’s top five, and Burkina Faso tops the index for the second year running. The CA bank backs this table with 2 genuine Sahel rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025sahel.py (4 pattern rows in total; the other two are not Sahel rows — the December id 111 ICC row is a Belgium referral, and the March id 39 GTI row is Pakistan’s second place, cited below as GTI context, not as a Sahel event), and the rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/31 precedent: every standard-reference row below was verified against standard news sources in this run. Read the table as a ladder: exit (January) → ranking (March) → exits (March, September) → charters (March, July) → force (December).

• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GK-03’s organisations or Section 5K’s Africa year: these are dated 2025 Sahel events in one year’s story, not organisation profiles — GK-03 keeps ECOWAS’s and the OIC’s standing profiles, and Section 5K’s Africa year keeps the continent’s other 2025 stories (GERD, Kigali cycling, Sudan displacement, eastern Congo hunger), cross-linked here and not duplicated; the country/capital facts stay in GK-01. The Sahel’s earlier history — the Liptako-Gourma Charter of 16 September 2023 (mutual-defence pact) and the Niamey confederation treaty of 6 July 2024 — is background to this table, not a 2025 row. Held, not taught, as events: the December id 111 ICC row (Belgium’s referral of a war-crimes complaint, not an AES exit) and any 2026 AES–ECOWAS talks, which belong to the 2026 file, not this 2025 table.

5V. Retrospective — the 2025 Middle East year: a president after two years, an insurgency’s end, and a vote with no winner (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the Middle East’s old furniture moved: Lebanon got a president after a vacancy of more than two years, the PKK — the insurgency that had fought Türkiye since 1984 — announced its own dissolution, the United States and Iran talked for five rounds before their June war, and Iraq voted without producing a winner. None of this is in the chapter’s Gulf-year table (Section 5N), which keeps the Gulf orbit — consultations, visas, Yemen, the Jordan and Egypt visits — and none of it is in the war tables (Section 5A Iran–Israel, Section 5H Gaza, Section 5E Syria) or the summits table (GK-11 Section 9A, which keeps the 15 September Doha summit). Slice 68 (1 November 2026) chapter-checked a Middle East year on bank rows alone and closed it as fully covered, because the bank’s Middle East-pattern rows are all already tabled; this table is the part that bank scan could not surface — the year’s Levant–Anatolia–Mesopotamia core, which has zero rows in the 2025 CA bank. The CA bank backs this table with 0 genuine Middle East-year rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions, script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025middleeast-slice72.py (115 keyword matches in total: 27 already-taught rows served from Section 5A/Section 5E/Section 5H/Section 5N/GK-11 Section 9A, 88 false positives — keywords in options, distractors or unrelated answers), and every row below is a standard-reference row, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/Section 5E precedent: each was verified against standard news sources in this run, and no row here is invented. Read the table as a ladder: president (January) → prime minister (January) → call (February) → talks (April–May) → dissolution (May) → ceremony (July) → decision (August) → election (November).

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the names first (Aoun, Salam, Öcalan), then the dates (9 January, 13 January, 27 February, 12 May), then the chains (five talks rounds, Muscat then Rome; dissolution then ceremony then withdrawal; Iraq 46 of 329, no majority). If you know only “Lebanon got a new government” or “the PKK ended” with no name and no date, you will miss every stem — the name-plus-date pairs are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in Section 5N’s Gulf year or GK-11’s summits: Section 5N keeps the Gulf orbit’s 2025 traffic and GK-11 Section 9A keeps the 15 September Doha summit (whose trigger, the 9 September Israeli strike on Hamas leaders in Doha, is taught there, not here); this table keeps the year’s other Middle East story — Lebanon’s reset, Türkiye’s peace process, the pre-war talks and Iraq’s vote — in one place. The wars themselves stay in Section 5A (Iran–Israel), Section 5H (Gaza) and Section 5E (Syria); the country/capital facts stay in GK-01. Held, not taught, as events: Russia’s July 2025 formal recognition of the Taliban government (a single standard-reference row with no bank row, insufficient for its own table — the Pakistan–Afghanistan story itself is Section 5G); the July 2025 bank row on China accepting a Taliban ambassador’s credentials (a January 2024 event in a 2025 file, stale); and all 2026 sequels (Türkiye’s August 2026 framework law, Lebanon’s January 2026 first-phase claim), which belong to the 2026 file, not this 2025 table.

5W. Retrospective — the 2025 Sudan year: a capital retaken, a stronghold fallen, and famine confirmed (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year Sudan’s civil war split the map in opposite directions: the army retook its capital in March, the paramilitaries took Darfur’s last major stronghold in October, and the UN-backed hunger monitor confirmed famine in both a fallen city and a besieged one in November — while a Pakistan–Sudan defence contract made Sudan a Pakistan-linked question too. The through-line is city + date: Khartoum on 21 March, El Fasher on 26 October, famine on 3 November. Chapter-check confirmed no prior Sudan-year table anywhere in the notes: Sudan appears only as scattered rows — country/capital facts in GK-01 and the November displacement alarm in Section 5K’s Africa year, both cross-linked here, not duplicated. The CA bank backs this table with 2 genuine new Sudan rows — May id 61 (cholera deaths) and August id 135 (Pakistan–Sudan defence agreement) — plus the November id 156 displacement row already served from Section 5K; script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025sudan.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions. The rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/Section 5V precedent. The war itself began 15 April 2023: the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), led by Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, against the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), led by Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as “Hemedti”, Burhan’s former deputy.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the names first (Burhan, Hemedti, El Fasher, Kadugli), then the dates (21 March, 26 October, 3 November), then the numbers ($1.5bn, 10 K-8, 21.2m / 45%, 375,000 Phase 5). If you know only “Sudan’s war continued” with no city and no date, you will miss every stem — the city-plus-date pairs are the answers.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in Section 5K’s Africa year or GK-09’s Pakistan record: Section 5K keeps Africa’s 2025 firsts plus the displacement alarm itself, and GK-01 keeps Sudan’s country/capital facts; this table keeps the war year — palace, pact, fall and famine — in one place. Held, not taught: a single defence outlet’s mid-October 2025 report that the contract was renegotiated down to US$230m (one outlet, citing a Chinese component block and sanctions pressure, no corroboration in reporting checked) — the bank row’s signed $1.5bn stands as the taught figure; the RSF-led parallel administration in Nyala, not verified in this run; and all 2026 sequels (the UN Fact-Finding Mission’s February 2026 El Fasher findings, January 2026 aid visits to the city), which belong to the 2026 file, not this 2025 table.

5X. Retrospective — the 2025 disasters year: five quakes, two floods, and a storm season that rewrote the record books (origin year 2025) 🆕 2025

2025 was the year the ground would not stay still and the water would not stay in its channels: a Greek island swarm in February, the century’s Myanmar shock in March, a Texas river rising 26 feet in 45 minutes in July, the strongest Pacific quake since 2011 the same month, a shallow Afghan night quake in August, a Philippine quake on the last day of September, a Category 5 hurricane through Jamaica and Cuba in October, and a cyclone that became Sri Lanka’s deadliest disaster since 2017 in November. The through-line papers test is the magnitude–place–date triple: 7.7 Myanmar on 28 March, 8.8 Kamchatka on 30 July, 6.0 Kunar on 31 August, 6.9 Cebu on 30 September — and the storm names with their landfalls: Erin (Category 5, August, no landfall), Melissa (Jamaica 28 October, Cuba 29 October), Ditwah (Sri Lanka 28 November). Chapter-check confirmed no prior disasters-year table anywhere in the notes: the Tibet quake sits in Section 5Q, the Pakistan floods sit nowhere as a table, and the storm names sit only as scattered bank rows — all cross-linked here, not duplicated. The CA bank backs this table with 9 genuine new disaster rows — February id 14 (Santorini swarm), July id 48 (Kamchatka 8.8), August ids 31/32 (Pakistan flood advisory + KP toll), 66 (Afghanistan quake) and 124 (Erin), September ids 18 (Cebu) and 48 (Bualoi), November id 39 (Ditwah) — plus 2 flagged-correction rows (July id 130, October id 37) and the 3 January Tibet rows served from Section 5Q; script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025disasters.py over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (44 disaster-pattern rows, 14 cited). The rest of the table is standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/Section 5V precedent — and the bank’s silence is itself a finding: the year’s biggest quake, Myanmar 7.7, has zero rows in the 2025 CA files, so it is taught here from USGS/Britannica-standard reporting, not from the bank.

• What papers ask about this year, in order: the magnitude–place–date triple first (7.7 Myanmar 28 March, 8.8 Kamchatka 30 July, 6.0 Kunar 31 August, 6.9 Cebu 30 September, 7.1 Tibet 7 January), then the storm name with its landfall (Erin Category 5 at sea, Melissa Jamaica 28 October → Cuba 29 October, Ditwah Sri Lanka 28 November), then the toll pairs that rose from first reports (Kunar 600+ → 2,200+, Myanmar ~3,600 → 5,400+, Ditwah 132 → 410) — if you know only “2025 had earthquakes” with no magnitude and no place, you will miss every stem, because the magnitude is the answer.
• Why it sits in this chapter, not in GEO-02’s earthquakes or Section 5Q’s South Asia year: GEO-02 keeps the science (plates, scales, why shallow kills) and Section 5Q keeps the Tibet quake in its South Asia story; this table keeps the year’s disasters as one dated ladder — quakes, floods and storms together — because papers ask them as a year’s news, not as a textbook chapter. The 2026 disasters (Cyclone Murasu’s November 2026 Andhra landfall, the 2026 files’ later quakes) are 2026 retrospective material and are not taught here.
• Rapid-fire one-liners — the 2025 disasters year: Santorini swarm → state of emergency 6 February · Tibet 7.1, 7 January, Tingri, 10 km deep · Myanmar 7.7, 28 March, Sagaing, Bangkok tower falls · Texas Guadalupe 4 July, 139+ dead, Camp Mystic · Kamchatka 8.8, 30 July, Pacific warnings, Klyuchevskoy erupts · Pakistan floods August, KP 320+, India advisory 15 August first-ever · Erin Category 5 August, no landfall · Kunar 6.0, 31 August night, 2,200+ dead · Bualoi hits Vietnam, September · Cebu 6.9, 30 September, 1,200+ injured · Melissa Jamaica 28 October Category 5, Cuba 29 October · Ditwah Sri Lanka 28 November, 410 dead by 2 December.
• Most-asked facts — the 2025 disasters year: the four magnitudes (7.7, 8.8, 6.0, 6.9) with their places; the two Category 5 names (Erin at sea, Melissa at Jamaica); the two first-evers (Pakistan’s first flood advisory from India; Melissa the worst hurricane ever to hit Jamaica); the three toll pairs that rose (Kunar, Myanmar, Ditwah).
• Traps & confusions — the 2025 disasters year: Oscar (October 2024, Cuba) vs Melissa (October 2025, Cuba) — same coast, different year, and the bank’s October row keys the wrong one; Hawaii (August 2023 wildfires) vs Texas (July 2025 floods) — the bank’s July row keys the wrong state and the wrong year; early tolls vs final tolls — Kunar 600+, Myanmar ~3,600, Ditwah 132 are first reports, never the taught figures; Kamchatka 8.8 (2025) vs the 1952 9.0 in the same region — same place, different quake; Santorini’s swarm was tectonic activity between Santorini and Amorgos, not a volcanic eruption; Erin’s Category 5 is a strength fact, not a damage fact — it made no major landfall; Cebu 6.9 (30 September) vs Myanmar’s 6.7 aftershock (28 March, 12 minutes after the mainshock) — different quakes, different months.
• Memory tricks — the 2025 disasters year: the quake ladder by month — February swarm (Santorini), March Myanmar (7.7), July Kamchatka (8.8), August Kunar (6.0), September Cebu (6.9): “F-M-J-A-S” reads as the year’s shaking months, and the magnitudes run 7.7 → 8.8 → 6.0 → 6.9, biggest in the middle. For the storms, one name per month from August: Erin (August, at sea), Bualoi (September, Vietnam), Melissa (October, Jamaica–Cuba), Ditwah (November, Sri Lanka) — “E-B-M-D” in month order, and only Melissa and Ditwah made the deadly landfalls.

6. Master table — wars, revolutions, leaders on one page

7. Rapid-fire one-liners

• First World War: 1914–1918; immediate cause: assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Sarajevo, 28 June 1914.

• First tanks: 1916, British; chemical weapon: mustard gas; US President in WWI: Woodrow Wilson.

• Armistice: 11 November 1918; Treaty of Versailles: 28 June 1919; League of Nations: 1920, Geneva.

• Second World War: 1939–1945; began with Germany’s invasion of Poland, 1 September 1939.

• Germany attacked France: 1940; Pearl Harbor: 7 December 1941; D-Day: 6 June 1944, Normandy.

• V-E Day: 8 May 1945; Hiroshima: 6 August 1945; Nagasaki: 9 August 1945; Japan’s formal surrender: 2 September 1945.

• WWII death toll (banks’ figure): about 75 million; greatest loss of life: the Soviet Union (Russia).

• After WWII: the Cold War (USA vs USSR); Korea divided at the 38th parallel.

• French Revolution: 1789; Bastille: 14 July 1789; slogan: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity; father: Rousseau (social contract).

• Russian Revolution: 1917; father and Bolshevik leader: Lenin; thinker: Karl Marx (Germany, Communist Manifesto).

• First Industrial Revolution: England; steam engine: James Watt.

• American independence: 4 July 1776; first President: Washington (1789–1797).

• Napoleon: France; titles Man of Destiny / Little Corporal; Waterloo 1815, defeated by Wellington, exiled to St Helena.

• Man of Iron and Blood: Bismarck (Germany).

• Mandela: South Africa; 27 years in prison; released 1990; president 1994–1999; born 1918.

• Gandhi: Salt March 1930; assassinated 1948. Lincoln: Civil War 1861–1865, Emancipation 1863.

• Big Three: Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin — met at Tehran, 1943; Hitler’s party: Nazi Party, in power 1933.

• 2025 changing of the guard: Trump (USA, 20 Jan) · Milanović (Croatia, 12 Jan) · De Wever (Belgium, 3 Feb) · Napat (Vanuatu PM, 11 Feb) · Tassoulas (Greece, 12 Feb / 13 Mar) · Carney (Canada, 14 Mar) · Dan (Romania, 26 May) · Lee Jae-myung (South Korea, 4 Jun) · Nawrocki (Poland, 6 Aug) · Ruginienė (Lithuania, 26 Aug) · Miftah (Houthi Yemen, acting, 30 Aug) · Holness (Jamaica, 3rd term, 3 Sep) · Anutin (Thailand, 5 Sep) · Afridi (KP CM, 13 Oct) · Mamdani (NYC Mayor, 4 Nov) · Rathore (AJK PM, 18 Nov) · Babiš (Czech Republic, 9 Dec) · Fakafānua (Tonga, 15 Dec).

• 2025 firsts inside that table: Takaichi (Japan’s first female PM, 21 Oct — taught in GK-08 Section 4A) · Mamdani (New York’s first Muslim mayor) · De Wever (first Flemish-nationalist Belgian premier).

• June 2025 Iran–Israel war (Section 5A): Rising Lion (Israel, 13 Jun) · True Promise III (Iran, evening 13 Jun) · Midnight Hammer (USA, 22 Jun) · ceasefire 24 Jun, 12 days · Bagheri killed, Hatami new army chief, Mousavi chief of staff · sites Natanz, Fordow, Isfahan · 6 scientists, first day.

• 2025 Russia–Ukraine diplomacy (Section 5B): gas transit stopped 1 Jan · Riyadh 18 Feb · Black Sea talks 23–25 Mar · Istanbul 16 May (1,000-for-1,000) · Istanbul 2 Jun · Svyrydenko PM 17 Jul · Istanbul 23 Jul (1,200 each) · Anchorage 15 Aug (GK-11 Section 9A) · 100 Rafales letter of intent 17 Nov · Ankara 19 Nov · 28-point draft leaked 20 Nov (army cap 600,000, no NATO) · Operation Midas Nov ($100m, Energoatom).

• 2025 India–Pakistan conflict (Section 5C): Pahalgam 22 Apr (26 killed) · India: IWT abeyance 23 Apr · Pakistan NSC: Simla in abeyance, airspace closed, trade suspended 24 Apr · Sindoor 7 May (24 strikes, 9 sites: Bahawalpur, Muridke) · Bunyan-un-Marsoos + DGMO understanding 10 May (call 15:35, stoppage 17:00 IST) · Marka-e-Haq · PCA supplemental award 27 Jun · Rs 75 coin 15 Aug · SCO Joint Declaration 31 Aug – 1 Sep.

• 2025 obituaries year (Section 5D): Simitis (Greece ex-PM, 5 Jan, 88) · Bell (long jump 1956, 25 Jan, 94) · Spassky (chess champion 1969–72, 27 Feb, 88) · Hamidul Haq (Akora Khattak, 28 Feb, 56) · Taj Haider (PPP senator, 8 Apr, 83) · Pope Francis (first Latin American/Jesuit pope, 21 Apr, 88) · Ngũgĩ (Kenya, African languages, 28 May, 87) · Dahlmeier (Laila Peak, 28 Jul, 31) · Myint Swe (Myanmar acting president, 7 Aug, 74) · Simpson (Australia captain-coach, 16 Aug, 89) · Durrani (Sindh Speaker, 15 Oct, 72) · Dharmendra (Bollywood He-Man, 24 Nov, 89) · al-Haddad (Libya army chief, Ankara crash, 23 Dec).

• 2025 Syria year (Section 5E): Sharaa (transitional president, 29 Jan) · OIC restored 7 Mar (suspended 2012, 13 years) · SDF deal 10 Mar · Constitution 13 Mar (5-year transition, no PM) · sanctions off (Riyadh announcement 13 May, EU late May, EO 14312, 30 Jun) · Suwayda + Damascus HQ strikes 16 Jul · Saudi forum $6.4bn, 24 Jul (47 agreements) · elections 5 Oct (140 + 70 = 210, postponed Suwayda/Raqqa/Hasakah) · White House 10 Nov (first since 1946, 90th anti-ISIS member) · Bana al-Abed (Children’s Peace Prize, 19 Nov, Aleppo tweets aged seven).

• 2025 protest movements year (Section 5F): March for Humanity (Sydney Harbour Bridge, 3 Aug, police ~90,000 / organisers 225,000–300,000) · Indonesia (housing allowance 50m rupiah, 25 Aug → perks cut 31 Aug) · Nepal Gen Z (8–9 Sep, Oli out 9 Sep, Karki in 12 Sep) · Timor-Leste (65 Prados for 65 MPs, 15–17 Sep, cars scrapped 16 Sep, pensions scrapped 26 Sep) · AJK JAAC (38-point charter, 29 Sep → agreement 4 Oct) · Greece (OPEKEPE, blockades from 30 Nov) · Hadi (shot 12 Dec, died 18 Dec, Inquilab Mancha).

• 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan year (Section 5G): ACC deadline 31 Mar (IFRP from 1 Nov 2023, deportation from 1 Apr, PoR added 31 Jul, 662,300 returns by 1 Nov) · UNSC warnings Sep + Nov (TTP, sanctuaries, de facto authorities) · clashes 11 Oct (worst since 2021, crossings shut 12 Oct, Pakistan claims 206 + 110 / 23) · Doha ceasefire 19 Oct (Asif / Yaqoob, Qatar + Türkiye) · Istanbul 25–30 Oct (no deal, ceasefire extended 30 Oct, principals 6 Nov) · December close (Chaman supplies, clerics’ resolution, Azerbaijan visit) · Muttaqi (acting FM) / Akhundzada (Supreme Leader).

• 2025 Gaza year (Section 5H): ceasefire announced 15 Jan, in effect 19 Jan (3 phases, Qatar + Egypt + USA, 33 hostages phase 1, 15 months ended) · collapse 18 Mar (aid blocked 2 Mar, 45-day proposal April, not accepted) · July pressure (flotilla goal break the blockade, NY conference 28–29 Jul, US absent) · August (OIC Jeddah, UNRWA chief, NA resolution) · September (IAGS finding, Global Sumud sailed, intercepted 1–3 Oct, recognitions UK/Canada/Australia/Portugal/France, 157/193) · 20-point plan 29 Sep · agreement 9 Oct, ceasefire 10 Oct, exchange + Sharm summit 13 Oct (20 hostages / ~2,000 prisoners, 4 mediators) · Pakistan support 14 Nov, UNSC 2803 17 Nov (13–0–2, Board of Peace + ISF to 31 Dec 2027).

• 2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict year (Section 5I): Chong Bok killing 28 May (one Cambodian soldier) · call 15 Jun, suspended 1 Jul, removed 29 Aug (Paetongtarn, 6–3) · five-day war 24–28 Jul (landmine trigger, five Thai soldiers wounded; ≥35 dead, 260,000+ displaced at the talks) · Putrajaya ceasefire 28 Jul, midnight (Anwar host, Hun Manet + Phumtham, USA co-organiser, China participant) · 13 points 7 Aug (ASEAN observers) · Kuala Lumpur declaration 26 Oct (Trump + Anwar witnesses) · second war 7–27 Dec, second ceasefire 27 Dec noon (Natthaphon + Tea Seiha) · 18 soldiers released 31 Dec (155 days).

• 2025 Latin America year (Section 5J): Gulf of America 20 Jan (EO 14172, federal use only; Gulf of America Day 9 Feb) · Noboa re-elected 13 Apr (~56% vs González ~44%) · Uribe shot 7 Jun, died 11 Aug (first hopeful killing since 1990) · Peñico unveiled 3 Jul (3,500 years, 18 structures, Ruth Shady, Caral) · Geerlings-Simons elected 6 Jul, inaugurated 16 Jul (first woman president, succeeding Santokhi) · Ali re-elected 1 Sep (PPP/C 36/65, sworn in 7 Sep) · US–Venezuela escalation 2 Sep → 16 Dec (first strike announced 2 Sep, 11 killed; tanker seizure December; blockade 16 Dec; 26 strikes, 99+ killed by 16 Dec) · Holness third term 3 Sep (34/63) · Bolsonaro sentenced 11 Sep (27 years 3 months, 4–1) · Paz runoff 19 Oct (~54.5% vs Quiroga, in office 8 Nov, end of ~20 years MAS rule) · Milei midterm 26 Oct (LLA ~40.8%, deputies 37→101, senators 6→20) · Curaçao qualifies 18 Nov (0–0 vs Jamaica, smallest ever, 156,115) · Kast runoff 14 Dec (~58.2% vs Jara, in office 11 Mar 2026).

• 2025 Africa year (Section 5K): Nigeria BRICS partner 17 Jan · DRC–M23 Doha 19 Jul + 15 Nov (Qatar) · Ramsar COP15 Victoria Falls, Jul · Ghana crash 6 Aug (Omane Boamah + Murtala Muhammed, 8 dead) · Kenya sleeping sickness 8 Aug (10th) · GERD 9 Sep (5,150 MW) · UCI Worlds Kigali 21–28 Sep (first in Africa) · El-Enany UNESCO 6 Oct (55–2), office 15 Nov (first Arab) · Sudan displacement (UN, Nov) · eastern Congo hunger (UN, Nov) · Morocco Arab Cup 18 Dec (3–2 vs Jordan, Lusail).

• 2025 Europe year (Section 5L): Merz (Germany chancellor, 6 May, second ballot 325) · debt brake 18 Mar (€500bn, defence above 1% exempt) · Hungary ICC exit announced 3 Apr · Iberian blackout 28 Apr (12:33) · Montenegro AD 91/230, 18 May · Schoof out 3 Jun, D66 = PVV 26, 29 Oct · NATO 5% by 2035 (3.5 + 1.5), The Hague · Bulgaria euro approved 8 Jul (21st, from 1 Jan 2026, 1.95583 lev) · Turnberry 15%, 27 Jul · Bayrou out 8 Sep, Lecornu 9 Sep / 6 Oct / 10 Oct · PAS 50.2%, 55/101, 28 Sep · Connolly 63.36%, 10th president, 24–25 Oct

• 2025 Asia year (Section 5M): Duterte arrested 11 Mar (ICC, Hague 12 Mar, first Asian leader) · PAP 87/97, 65.57%, 3 May (Wong’s first test, WP kept 10) · NPP 43.26%, 3,927 seats, 6 May (led 266/339) · Philippines midterms 12 May (6–4–2, turnout 82.2%, Bong Go top 27.1m) · KL Declaration / ASEAN 2045, 26 May (46th Summit, Anwar chair) · Lee 49.42%, 3 Jun (Kim 41.15%, inaugurated 4 Jun) · Oyun-Erdene out 3 Jun, Zandanshatar in 13 Jun, out 17 Oct · China parade 3 Sep (80th, Xi + Putin + Kim, 26 leaders) · Anutin 311 votes, 32nd PM, 5 Sep (Paetongtarn removed 29 Aug) · Hwasong-20, Oct (bank row) · Takaichi first woman PM, 21 Oct (237 votes, 104th, Ishiba out) · Timor-Leste 11th ASEAN member, 26 Oct (47th Summit, first enlargement since 1999) · Prabowo visit + Nishan-e-Pakistan, 8 Dec · Myanmar phase 1, 28 Dec (USDP 89/102, turnout ~52%)

• 2025 Gulf year (Section 5N): Pakistan–Qatar consultations 2nd round, Doha 10 Feb · UAE Blue Visa 10 years, Feb · Pakistan–UAE waiver officials/diplomats only, Jul · Yemen boat capsize 3 Aug (toll flagged 68 vs 96) · al-Rahawi killed 28 Aug, Miftah acting 30 Aug (Houthi, disputed) · UN staff detained 31 Aug · Oman golden visa 31 Aug · Sana’a bombed 25 Sep (second strike row) · QIA $3bn protocol, Oct · Abdullah II visit 15–16 Nov (first in 21 years, MoUs media/culture/education) · Abdelatty visit Nov (stabilisation-force agenda) · D-8 Cairo, Nov · Pakistan–UAE exercise ends 12 Nov (two weeks) · Saudi 20th MNNA, 20 Nov (not the 18 Nov deal) · Oman Rial note first, Dec · UAE President visit 26 Dec · Pakistan–Saudi solidarity, Yemen port strike incident, Dec · Israel–Egypt gas deal, Dec

• 2025 Oceania year (Section 5O): kangaroo IVF embryos Feb (UQ, ICSI, eastern grey) · Napat PM Vanuatu 11 Feb (50/52, not president) · Falepili ballot Jun (280/yr, Tuvalu → Australia) · Quad-at-Sea Jul (Stratton, Palau → Guam) · Geelong Treaty 26 Jul (50 years, AUKUS Pillar I) · koala vaccine Sep (UniSC, single-dose, mortality down 65%) · Ghost Shark Sep (A$1.7bn, Anduril) · Ghost Bat (Boeing Australia; 6 ordered Dec) · Palau underwater interview Oct (Whipps Jr, LiFi) · US–Australia minerals Oct ($8.5bn pipeline) · COP31 Nov (Türkiye hosts, Australia negotiates) · Russia embassy blocked 12 Nov (High Court, compensation due) · Cyclone Fina 22 Nov (Cat 3, Darwin, strongest since Tracy 1974) · under-16 ban 10 Dec (world-first) · Bondi 14 Dec (15 killed, Ahmed al-Ahmed) · Fakafanua 15 → 18 Dec (16–10 over Eke).

• 2025 North America year (Section 5P): Trinidad SoE 30 Dec 2024 → extended 14 Jan (623 homicides in 2024) · Trump 47th + Vance 20 Jan · Paris + WHO + aid pause 20 Jan · Canada C$155bn retaliation 1 Feb · Carney 14 Mar, elected 28 Apr (169/343 minority, Conservatives 144) · Pakistan tariff 29% → deal 30 Jul → 19% (direction: US on Pakistan) · Golden Dome $175bn, 20 May (not Israel’s Iron Dome) · Musk out late May, America Party 5 Jul · travel ban 12 + 7, Harvard 6 months, 4 Jun · GENIUS Act 18 Jul (1:1 stablecoins) · Armenia–Azerbaijan 8 Aug (TRIPP; bank row’s 7 Aug corrected) · BLA/Majeed FTO 11 Aug (SDGT since 2019) · VOA silenced 2 Sep (83 years, founded 1942) · Department of War 5 Sep (EO 14347, secondary title only) · Kirk assassinated 10 Sep (UVU, Orem) · Southern Spear unveiled 13 Nov (Hegseth, robotics fleet) · Genesis Mission 24 Nov (EO 14363, DOE) · migration pause stated 27 Nov (plan, not statute) · Gold Card launched 11 Dec ($1m/$2m, EB-1/EB-2 residency) · F-16 package $686m, 8 Dec (92 Link-16).

• 2025 South Asia year (Section 5Q): Tingri quake 7.1, 7 Jan (Tibet, near Nepal border) · Bangladesh banknotes without Mujib, Jun · Milestone F-7 crash 21 Jul (Uttara, at least 31) · Pakistan–Bangladesh visa-free officials, Aug · Ganabhaban museum plan, Aug · Bhandari first woman AG (Nepal), Sep · Khanal’s wife dies 9 Sep (house torched; bank key Britain corrected) · Karki first woman PM, 12 Sep (elections within six months) · 9th JEC Dhaka, Oct (after two decades) · J-10C decision, Oct (China, not delivered) · Maldives triple elimination, Oct (HIV + hepatitis B + syphilis) · July Charter signed 17 Oct (South Plaza, two-term PM limit) · Punatsangchhu-II 1,020 MW, 11 Nov (Modi + King Jigme Khesar) · elections + referendum announced 13 Nov (for February 2026) · Hasina death in absentia 17 Nov (ICT; Kamal death, Al-Mamun five years) · Blind Women’s World Cup, Nov (Sri Lanka hosts, India wins) · Hadi shot 12 Dec, died 18 Dec (Singapore; Section 5F). · Central Asia 2025 (Section 5R): Tashkent consultations 5 Feb · Bishkek treaty 13 Mar (1,008.14 km) · Khujand tripoint 31 Mar · Samarkand 4 Apr (strategic partnership, €12bn) · Astana 16–18 Jun (treaty 17 Jun) · Awaza 5–8 Aug (Programme 2024–2034, 32 LLDCs) · RATS 44th, Kyrgyzstan, Sep · CAREC 24th, Bishkek, 20 Nov · Ashgabat Forum 12 Dec.

• Faith 2025 (Section 5S): Jubilee “Pilgrims of Hope” (Holy Door 24 Dec 2024 → 6 Jan 2026) · Maha Kumbh, Prayagraj, 13 Jan – 26 Feb · Mauni Amavasya stampede 29 Jan (30 dead announced) · conclave 7–8 May, Leo XIV elected 8 May (267th, first American-born), inauguration 18 May · Hajj 4–9 Jun (1,673,230 pilgrims, Arafat 5 Jun) · Dalai Lama succession statement 2 Jul (Gaden Phodrang Trust, turns 90 on 6 Jul) · Mullally named 106th Archbishop of Canterbury 3 Oct (first woman).

• 2025 migration & displacement year (Section 5T): Mauritania boat 2 Jan (86 aboard, 66 Pakistanis; ~50 presumed drowned, 44 Pakistanis, Dakhla, Canary Islands route) · UK sanctions regime announced 9 Jan (Lammy, world-first, against people smugglers) · UNNM Pakistan launched 1 Sep (Yahya host; IOM coordinator, MMPTF with UNODC) · UK asylum overhaul 17 Nov (Mahmood; 30-month core protection; settlement wait 5 → 20 years).

• Sahel 2025 (Section 5U): ECOWAS exit 29 Jan (15 → 12) + AES passport 29 Jan (Goïta) · GTI 2025: Burkina 1st (1,532 deaths, second year), Pakistan 2nd, Mali 4th, Niger 5th · OIF exit 17–18 Mar · Tchiani sworn 26 Mar (5-year flexible transition, parties dissolved) · Goïta charter 3–10 Jul (5 years, renewable indefinitely, at least to 2030) · ICC exit announced 22 Sep (Art. 127: one year after notification, not immediate) · FU-AES 20 Dec (5,000, Daouda Traoré, Niamey) · 2nd AES summit Bamako 22–23 Dec (Ibrahim Traoré president, BCID-AES 500bn CFA francs, AES Television).

• Middle East 2025 (Section 5V): Aoun president 9 Jan (99/128, army commander since 2017, vacancy since Oct 2022) · Salam PM 13 Jan (ICJ president, majority backing) · Öcalan call 27 Feb (“Peace and a Democratic Society”, İmralı since 1999) + ceasefire 1 Mar · US–Iran talks 12 Apr – 23 May (5 rounds, Muscat ×4 + Rome, al-Busaidi mediates, Araghchi + Witkoff, no deal) · PKK dissolution 12 May (congress 5–7 May, insurgency since 1984) · weapons-burning 11 Jul (30 fighters, Jasana Cave, Sulaymaniyah) + Oct withdrawal from Türkiye · Lebanon disarmament decision 5–7 Aug (state monopoly by end-2025, Hezbollah rejects, phased plan from Litani) · Iraq elections 11 Nov (329 seats, ~56% turnout, Sudani 46, no majority, results 17 Nov).

• Sudan 2025 (Section 5W): SAF retakes Khartoum palace 21 Mar (Burhan) · Pakistan–Sudan defence pact $1.5bn, Aug (10 K-8 + Shahpar-2 + YIHA-III) · RSF captures El Fasher 26 Oct (Hemedti, ~18-month siege, SAF’s last Darfur stronghold) · IPC famine El Fasher + Kadugli 3 Nov (21.2m, 45%, 375,000 Phase 5) · UN: largest displacement crisis, Nov (November id 156, from Section 5K).

8. Most-asked facts (from our verified past-paper banks)

• Napoleon — “belonged to” (France), his two titles, Waterloo and Wellington, St Helena: the single densest leader cluster in the banks.

• The two war durations — 1914–1918 and 1939–1945 — asked flat, and as “in which year did the war begin”.

• The French Revolution’s year (1789), slogan, and father (Rousseau) — three questions that recur as a set.

• The Russian Revolution’s year (1917) and leader (Lenin) — plus the Bolshevik = Russia association.

• Mandela’s 27 years — asked as “how many years in prison” and as “when released” (1990) in separate papers.

• Hitler’s party (Nazi, 1933) and Hitler belongs to Germany — the WWII leader question in its simplest form.

• The Cold War as the post-WWII tension and Korea at the 38th parallel — the “what came after” questions.

• The 2025 leadership changes as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5 is the new askable set for 2025 (28 CA-bank backing rows): papers phrase these as “who became / was elected / was sworn in as X in 2025”, and the table’s dates are the answers.

• The June 2025 Iran–Israel war as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5A is the new askable set for 2025 (7 CA-bank backing rows: 6 from the June 2025 file, 1 standing-holder row from January 2026): papers phrase these as operation names and “who was killed / who became army chief”, and the table’s names are the answers.

• The 2025 Russia–Ukraine diplomacy year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5B is the new askable set for 2025 (14 CA-bank backing rows: 10 event rows + 4 flag rows counted but not taught as events): papers phrase these as venues (“where were the talks”), swap figures and plan numbers, and the table’s venues and numbers are the answers.

• The 2025 India–Pakistan conflict as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5C is the new askable set for 2025 (2 CA-bank backing rows: August 2025 id 65 SCO Joint Declaration + id 134 Rs 75 coin; the chain’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as operation names (“what was India’s operation / Pakistan’s operation”), the trigger date and the ceasefire mechanism, and the table’s names and DGMO times are the answers.

• The 2025 obituaries year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5D is the new askable set for 2025 (16 CA-bank backing rows across 12 unique stems: April 2025 file Simitis id 31 counted as a stem with its age key corrected, Bell ids 5/10/15 triple-printed and counted once, Spassky March id 13 + May id 4, Hamidul Haq March id 43, Taj Haider April id 9, Ngũgĩ May id 62, Dahlmeier July id 56, Myint Swe August id 160, Simpson August id 123, Durrani October id 61, Dharmendra November id 81, al-Haddad December ids 12/57 counted once; Pope Francis is a standard-reference row, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who died / who was the X who died in 2025”, and the table’s offices, fields and ages are the answers.

• The 2025 Syria year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5E is the new askable set for 2025 (8 CA-bank backing rows: March ids 34/48, July ids 39/69/70, September id 47, November ids 52/195; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who is the leader of Syria”, “when was Syria’s OIC membership restored”, “when were Syria’s first post-Assad elections”, and “who was the first Syrian leader at the White House”, and the table’s dates are the answers.

• The 2025 protest movements year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5F is the new askable set for 2025 (12 CA-bank backing rows: August ids 12/20, September ids 8/31/136/143/144, October id 6, December ids 9/10/79/80; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “what triggered the protests in X”, “when did the AJK protests end”, “how many cars for how many MPs”, and “who was shot in Dhaka in December 2025”, and the table’s triggers and dates are the answers.

• The 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5G is the new askable set for 2025 (15 CA-bank backing rows: January id 56, March id 40, June id 4, August ids 110/172/173, September id 95, October ids 12/22, November ids 97/126, December ids 21/25/114/115; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “by when had ACC holders to leave”, “where was the October 2025 ceasefire agreed”, “who led Pakistan’s delegation”, and “who is Afghanistan’s acting foreign minister”, and the table’s deadline, venue and names are the answers.

• The 2025 Gaza year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5H is the new askable set for 2025 (23 unique CA-bank stems / 25 rows: January ids 11/12, April ids 35/40, July ids 29/33/38/115, August ids 98/158/175, September ids 1/56/57/60/111, October ids 84/85/87, November ids 121/132/133/137/150/163; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “when did the ceasefire come into effect”, “how many points in the peace plan”, “what resolution endorsed the plan”, and “which countries recognised Palestine in September 2025”, and the table’s two ceasefire dates, plan number and resolution number are the answers.

• The 2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5I is the new askable set for 2025 (6 CA-bank rows: May id 53, July ids 20/68/93, August id 77, November id 25; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “which country killed a Cambodian soldier in May 2025”, “where were the ceasefire talks held”, and “when was the Thai prime minister removed”, and the table’s Chong Bok, Malaysia and 1 July / 29 August dates are the answers.

• The 2025 Latin America year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5J is the new askable set for 2025 (12 CA-bank rows: January id 10, February id 6, June id 47, July ids 114/123, August id 40, September ids 2/119, October id 55, November ids 41/44, December id 7; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who was re-elected in Ecuador in 2025”, “who became Suriname’s first woman president”, “who was sentenced for a coup plot in Brazil”, and “which is the smallest country ever to qualify for the World Cup”, and the table’s Noboa, Geerlings-Simons, Bolsonaro and Curaçao rows are the answers.

• The 2025 Africa year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5K is the new askable set for 2025 (12 CA-bank rows: January id 125, July ids 63/74/133, August ids 11/147/174, October id 58, November ids 138/139/156, December id 65; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “which country joined BRICS as a partner”, “where were the DRC–M23 papers signed”, “which country eliminated sleeping sickness in 2025”, “who became the first Arab UNESCO chief”, and “who won the 2025 Arab Cup”, and the table’s Nigeria, Doha, Kenya, El-Enany and Morocco rows are the answers.

• The 2025 Europe year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5L is the new askable set for 2025 (12 CA-bank rows: April id 7, March id 37, May ids 11/23, June ids 11/100, May ids 39/44, July ids 28/71, December ids 32/86; the September id 141 Barnier row is served as a correction, not counted as an event; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who became chancellor / prime minister of X”, “which summit pledged what percent”, and “which country adopted / was approved for the euro”, and the table’s names, numbers and dates are the answers.

• The 2025 Asia year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5M is the new askable set for 2025 (11 CA-bank rows: October ids 35/90, August id 44, September id 97, June id 23, September id 53, October id 50, August id 53, December ids 90/131/132; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who became prime minister / president of X in 2025”, “who was the first woman prime minister of Japan”, “which party won how many seats”, and “which country joined ASEAN as its 11th member”, and the table’s names, numbers and dates are the answers.

• The 2025 Gulf year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5N is the new askable set for 2025 (23 CA-bank rows: February ids 13/22, July id 66, August ids 1/13/15/18/75/189, September id 14, October id 31, November ids 16/32/35/43/91/142/170, December ids 27/45/47/48/70; the cross-linked rows are stated not counted): papers phrase these as “which country introduced the Blue Visa”, “who was killed in Sana’a in August 2025”, “which king visited Pakistan in November 2025”, “which country became the 20th Major Non-NATO Ally”, and “which fund signed a $3 billion protocol for Pakistan”, and the table’s instruments, numbers and dates are the answers.

• The 2025 Oceania year (Section 5O) in one paragraph: the year’s askable core is its firsts — first kangaroo IVF embryos and first koala vaccine (both Australian, both university-led: Queensland and Sunshine Coast), first Falepili ballot (280 a year), first Quad-at-Sea mission (Stratton, Palau to Guam), first live underwater interview (Palau’s Whipps Jr), first under-16 social-media ban (10 December) — braced by two treaties with numbers (Geelong 50 years, minerals $8.5 billion), one court decision (Russia’s Canberra embassy blocked 12 November), one storm (Fina, Category 3, Darwin, 22 November) and two December names (Ahmed al-Ahmed at Bondi, Fakafanua in Tonga). A paper that asks Oceania in 2025 asks one of these firsts with its number or its name attached; a bare ‘Australia 2025’ with neither is not an answer.

• The 2025 South Asia year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5Q is the new askable set for 2025 (21 CA-bank rows: January id 104, June id 45, July id 36, August ids 83/99/119/190, September ids 52/53/108/136/145, October ids 17/64/76, November ids 4/17/46/47/130/190; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted; the Nepal protest rows September ids 143/144 and the Hadi rows December ids 79/80 are served from Section 5F, not double-counted here): papers phrase these as “who was sentenced / who became the first woman X / what did Bangladesh decide in October 2025”, and the table’s verdict, charter and thaw dates are the answers.

• The 2025 North America year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5P is the new askable set for 2025 (27 CA-bank rows: January ids 1/13/15/16/20/117, February id 16, March id 49, April id 2, May id 43, June id 24, July ids 23/40/47/124, August ids 21/27/38/125/164, September ids 36/135, November ids 48/55/159, December ids 108/119; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who became president / prime minister of X in 2025”, “what tariff did the US impose on Pakistan”, “what is the Golden Dome / GENIUS Act / Genesis Mission / Gold Card”, “who was designated a terrorist organisation in August 2025”, and “when was Charlie Kirk killed”, and the table’s dates, numbers and directions are the answers. Section 5R is the new askable set for the 2025 Central Asia year (8 CA-bank rows / 6 events: January id 85 + February id 57, August ids 6/185/198, September id 120, November ids 62/99; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “where was the first EU–Central Asia Summit”, “which treaty was signed at Astana in June 2025”, “where was LLDC-3 held”, “which border treaty was signed on 13 March 2025”, and “where was the 24th CAREC Ministerial Conference”, and the table’s city-and-document pairs are the answers.

• Section 5S is the new askable set for the 2025 faith year (1 genuine CA-bank row: May 2025 id 23, Leo XIV as current head; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who was elected pope on 8 May 2025”, “where was the 2025 Maha Kumbh held”, “how many pilgrims performed Hajj in 2025”, “who was named the first woman Archbishop of Canterbury”, and “which trust did the Dalai Lama name for his succession” — and the table’s name-plus-date pairs are the answers.

• The 2025 migration & displacement year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5T is the new askable set for 2025 (4 CA-bank backing rows: January ids 44/45, January id 121, August id 61, November id 136; the table’s cross-linked rows are served from Section 5G/Section 5K/Section 5N/Section 5O/Section 5P/Section 5L and GEO-02, not double-counted here): papers phrase these as “from where did the boat depart”, “how many Pakistanis died”, “which country launched the world’s first sanctions regime against smugglers” and “how long must refugees now wait for settlement in the UK”, and the table’s Mauritania / 44 / Lammy / 20-year answers are the set.

• The 2025 Sahel year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5U is the new askable set for 2025 (2 genuine Sahel CA-bank rows: July id 75, September id 77, plus the March id 39 GTI context row; the table’s other rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “which bloc left ECOWAS in January 2025”, “which country topped GTI 2025”, and “which three countries announced ICC withdrawal in September 2025” — all three answers sit in this one table.

• The 2025 Middle East year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5V is the new askable set for 2025 (0 CA-bank rows: the table’s rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “who became president of Lebanon in January 2025”, “who was named Lebanon’s prime minister”, “when did Öcalan call for the PKK to dissolve”, “where were the 2025 US–Iran talks held”, and “which coalition topped Iraq’s November 2025 elections” — and the table’s name-plus-date pairs are the answers.

• The 2025 Sudan year as a set — the retrospective table in Section 5W is the new askable set for 2025 (2 genuine CA-bank rows: May id 61, August id 135, plus the November id 156 displacement row served from Section 5K; the rest standard-reference rows, stated not counted): papers phrase these as “which city did the Sudanese army retake in March 2025”, “what was the value of the Pakistan–Sudan defence deal”, “when did El Fasher fall”, and “which two cities did the IPC declare in famine in November 2025” — and the table’s city-plus-date pairs are the answers.

9. Traps & confusions

• French Revolution “ended in 1793” (bank key) vs 1789–1799: some bank keys print 1793 — the year of Louis XVI’s execution and the Terror’s peak. The revolution’s conventional span is 1789–1799 (to Napoleon’s Consulate). If a paper’s options offer 1793 for “ended”, it is testing the Terror year; the chapter’s span is the standard one.

• Marx vs Lenin: Marx wrote the theory (Communist Manifesto, 1848); Lenin led the revolution (1917). Papers ask “Father of the Russian Revolution” expecting Lenin, and “father of Communism / Communist Manifesto” expecting Marx — do not swap them.

• Rousseau vs Napoleon: Rousseau is the father/thinker of the French Revolution; Napoleon is the leader who emerged from it. The banks ask both, in those exact roles.

• Napoleon vs Bismarck titles: Man of Destiny / Little Corporal = Napoleon; Man of Iron and Blood = Bismarck. The banks ask them as a pair, deliberately.

• First World War vs Second World War triggers: Sarajevo assassination (1914) vs invasion of Poland (1939). Both are “immediate cause / began” questions — keep the year with the event, not just the event.

• Versailles vs the Armistice: the war ended with the Armistice (11 Nov 1918); the peace was signed at Versailles (28 June 1919). Papers ask both dates.

• V-E Day vs V-J Day: 8 May 1945 ends the war in Europe; 2 September 1945 (formal surrender) ends the war in Asia. “The war ended in 1945” is true for both — the date separates them.

• “Suffered the maximum” in WWII: the banks’ key is Russia — meaning the Soviet Union, whose death toll dwarfed every other country’s. Read “Russia” in an old paper as the USSR.

• Waterloo’s country: the battle was fought in Belgium (then part of the Netherlands), not France — the banks name the village in Belgium deliberately.

• Mandela’s two numbers: 27 years in prison, released 1990, president 1994. Papers ask all three; the release year is the one students swap with the presidency year.

• Ireland 2025 — Harris was NOT re-elected Taoiseach (bank-file error, corrected not taught): the CA bank’s January 2025 row asks who “was re-elected as Prime Minister of Ireland for a second term” and keys Simon Harris. In fact Harris served as Taoiseach only from April 2024 to January 2025; on 23 January 2025 Micheál Martin became Taoiseach and Harris became Tánaiste. Never answer “Harris” to a 2025 Ireland question.

• Vanuatu 2025 — Napat is Prime Minister, not President (bank row corrected): the CA-bank February 2025 row asks who “was elected as the president” of Vanuatu on 11 February 2025. Jotham Napat was elected Prime Minister by parliament that day (50 of 52 votes); Vanuatu’s president is a separate, largely ceremonial office.

• Mamdani’s vote share — 50.4%, not 50.78% (bank key corrected): the CA-bank November 2025 row keys 50.78%; the reported result is about 50.4% (Cuomo 41.6%). Teach “about 50.4%”, and the firsts (first Muslim mayor, took office 1 January 2026), not the bank’s figure.

• Nyo Saw’s date — July restructuring, August file: the appointment came in the junta’s 31 July 2025 cabinet restructuring; the CA bank carries it in its August 2025 file. Both dates are right in their own frame — cite the restructuring date, not the file month.

• Miftah is a disputed-administration appointment: Muhammad Ahmad Miftah heads the Houthi-led government in Sana’a, not Yemen’s internationally recognised government (Aden). A paper asking “Prime Minister of Yemen” without qualification means the recognised government — do not answer Miftah to that phrasing.

• True Promise III, not bare “True Promise” (Section 5A): the CA-bank June 2025 stem keys “True promise” for Iran’s operation against Israel. That is the operation’s family name, but June 2025’s retaliation was specifically True Promise III — I was April 2024 and II was October 2024. Teach III; a paper offering I/II/III wants III for 2025.

• Hatami vs Mousavi — two different posts (Section 5A): the CA-bank June 2025 stem asks “new army chief of Iran” and keys Hattami (spelled Hatami in the January 2026 standing row). Amir Hatami became commander of the regular army; Abdolrahim Mousavi — who had headed that army — became Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces, succeeding the killed Bagheri. Do not answer Mousavi to “army chief”, and do not answer Hatami to “chief of staff”.

• “6 scientists” is the first-day figure (Section 5A): the CA-bank June 2025 stem keys 6 atomic scientists killed in Israel’s attack. That is the first-day figure reported on 13 June (Tasnim); later war reporting puts the total of senior nuclear scientists killed across the twelve days higher (at least 15). Teach 6 as the bank’s first-day answer, never as the war total.

• “True Promise” vs “Al-Aqsa Flood” (Section 5A): the bank offers Al-Aqsa Flood as a distractor for Iran’s operation. Al-Aqsa Flood was Hamas’s October 2023 attack on Israel, not Iran’s June 2025 operation — do not swap them.

• 2026 Iran–Israel rows are NOT this table (Section 5A): the CA bank’s February and March 2026 files carry a separate, later Iran–Israel conflict (a claimed 28 February 2026 US–Israel operation “Epic Fury”, an Iranian “Fateh Khyber”, and a “Khamenei martyred” row). Those rows are excluded from this 2025 table and from its count — they belong to a 2026 retrospective, not to June 2025, and the Khamenei row is unverified in this run and is not taught here.

• Gas transit “resumed” is the wrong key (Section 5B): the CA bank’s January 2025 file carries two rows on the same event — Q99 correctly keys stopped (contract expiry), while Q98 asks what happened on 1 January 2025 and keys “Ukraine resumed gas transit from Russia”. The transit stopped; it did not resume. Teach stopped; never answer “resumed” to a 1 January 2025 gas question.

• Shmyhal is the stale PM key (Section 5B): the CA bank’s July 2025 file asks who “currently serves as Prime Minister of Ukraine” and keys Denys Shmyhal. On 17 July 2025 parliament confirmed Yulia Svyrydenko (262 votes) and Shmyhal moved to Defence Minister. The bank row predates or ignores the reshuffle; for any question framed from late 2025 on, the answer is Svyrydenko.

• Taurus was never delivered (Section 5B): the CA bank’s May 2025 row keys Germany to “Taurus missiles will be given to Ukraine finally”. No Taurus was delivered in 2025 — Defence Minister Pistorius said on 12 June 2025 that Germany does not consider supplying Taurus, and as of March 2026 German military aid still included no Taurus. What Merz did lift in May 2025 was the range restriction on weapons already supplied. Teach “no Taurus delivered”; never answer a delivery as fact.

• Palianytsia is a 2024 weapon, not a 2025 introduction (Section 5B): the CA bank’s September 2025 row asks which country “recently introduced” the Palianytsia missile. Zelenskyy unveiled it on 24 August 2024 (first combat use the same day; serial production announced December 2024). The September 2025 row is a year stale — teach 2024, and do not file Palianytsia as a 2025 event.

• “Secretly hosted” is loose wording (Section 5B): the CA bank’s July 2025 row says high-level talks were “secretly hosted” in Turkey. The July round was the 23 July Istanbul round, held in the open at Çırağan Palace and chaired by Foreign Minister Fidan — the secrecy wording is the bank’s, not the event’s. Teach the Istanbul rounds and their dates, not “secret”.

• Anchorage is counted in GK-11, not here (Section 5B): the CA bank’s August 2025 Anchorage row (Trump–Putin, 15 August) is the summits slice’s row (GK-11 Section 9A). It appears in Section 5B’s table only as the chain’s link and is not counted in this table’s 14 backing rows — counting it twice would inflate the chapter’s practice set.

• The 28-point plan was a leaked draft, never a deal (Section 5B): the plan leaked on 20 November 2025 and was refined at Geneva on 23 November, but it was never signed or adopted — by December it had already been reworked into a 20-point framework. A paper asking “what did the 28-point plan decide” is testing a draft’s terms, not a treaty; never teach it as an agreement Ukraine accepted.

• Aircraft losses in May 2025 are claims, not settled answers (Section 5C): Pakistan’s military said it had shot down at least five Indian fighter jets, including three Rafales; India did not confirm that account at the time, and later anniversary reporting still frames the figures as Pakistan’s claim. Teach the claim as a claim if a paper asks it — never as a verified tally, and never invent a matching Indian-claims figure to balance it.

• “Abeyance” is not “termination” — twice over (Section 5C): India’s 23 April wording for the Indus Waters Treaty was held in abeyance, and Pakistan’s 24 April wording for the Simla Agreement was the same held in abeyance. Neither side terminated its instrument; the PCA’s 27 June 2025 award turns on exactly that distinction (abeyance does not remove the Court’s competence). A paper offering “terminated / abrogated” for either instrument is testing the wrong word.

• The DGMO understanding is an understanding, not a signed treaty (Section 5C): the 10 May stoppage rests on a 15:35 IST DGMO-to-DGMO call and instructions given on both sides, announced the same evening — the same point GK-11 Section 9B already teaches as a DGMO understanding. Do not upgrade it to a signed ceasefire agreement, and do not confuse the US President’s announcement with the mechanism itself.

• Bunyan-un-Marsoos has two common spellings (Section 5C): Bunyan-un-Marsoos and Bunyan-um-Marsoos are the same operation (the name is Qur’anic, “a solid structure”). If a paper’s options differ only by that particle, both point to the same answer — the operation, not the spelling, is being tested.

• The Rs 75 coin’s distractors are 100 and 50 (Section 5C): the CA bank’s own August 2025 question offers 75 / 100 / 50 / None of these and keys 75. The coin was issued 15 August 2025 (Independence Day), not in May — the May date is the confrontation, the August date is the commemoration.

• Simitis was 88, not 82 (Section 5D): the CA bank’s April 2025 row asks which country’s former prime minister “passed away recently at the age of 82” and keys Greece / Simitis. Simitis (born 23 June 1936, PM 1996–2004) died 5 January 2025 aged 88 — AP, The Hindu and the state-funeral reporting all give 88. Teach 88; never answer 82 to a Simitis age question. Note also the filing lag: the bank carries a January death in its April file — the death date, not the file month, is the answer.

• Durrani was 72, not 74 (Section 5D): most reporting (Pakistan Today, The Nation, Wikipedia, Testpoint’s own stem) gives 72 — born 5 October 1953, died 15 October 2025, ten days after his 72nd birthday. One ARY wire line says 74; that figure matches no birth year and is not taught.

• Dharmendra’s death was 24 November, not 10 November (Section 5D): on 10 November 2025 false reports of his death circulated and were denied by his family; he was discharged from Breach Candy Hospital on 12 November and died at home on 24 November 2025, aged 89. A paper offering 10 November is testing the rumour, not the death.

• Duplicate prints are one stem, not three questions (Section 5D): the CA bank prints Greg Bell’s death three times (March 2025 file ids 5, 10, 15, identical stem), Spassky twice (March id 13, May id 4) and al-Haddad twice (December ids 12, 57). The slice counts 16 rows but 12 stems — never report the row count as the question count.

• “Ahmad Al sahara” is al-Sharaa, not a second leader (Section 5E): the CA bank’s March 2025 row asks “who is the current leader of Syria” and keys “Ahmad Al sahara”. That is a transliteration of Ahmed al-Sharaa (also rendered al-Shara, al-Sharaa), transitional president from 29 January 2025 — never treat the bank’s spelling as a different person, and never answer “Assad” to a 2025 Syria-leader question: Assad fell on 8 December 2024 and was in Moscow exile through 2025.

• The SDF deal was signed, not completed, in 2025 (Section 5E): the 10 March 2025 Sharaa–Abdi agreement promised integration, but negotiations remained inconclusive through 2025 and the SDF was not integrated that year — the January 2026 ceasefire-and-integration agreement and the later 2026 integration are 2026 material, excluded from this table and its count. A paper asking “when was the SDF integrated” wants the 2026 answer, not 10 March 2025; a paper asking “when was the agreement signed” wants 10 March 2025.

• Sanctions were lifted in steps, not on one date (Section 5E): three different dates answer three different questions — the announcement (Trump, Riyadh, 13 May 2025), the EU lifting (late May 2025 — decision 20 May, in effect 28–29 May), and the US termination (EO 14312, 30 June 2025). The EU had already suspended some sectoral restrictions on 24 February 2025; that suspension is not the lifting. And the lifting was not total: Assad-era, Captagon and terrorism-related sanctions stayed, and the Caesar Act itself was only repealed by law in December 2025.

• The Damascus HQ strike was 16 July, not 30 July (Section 5E): the CA bank’s July 2025 row dates Damascus strikes to 30 July. The documented General Staff headquarters strike in Damascus — the one that defines the Suwayda crisis — is 16 July 2025, the day the ceasefire was declared that evening. Teach 16 July; the bank’s 30 July dating matches no documented HQ strike in this run’s checks and is not taught as the strike date.

• $2.9 billion is the share, $6.4 billion is the forum (Section 5E): the CA bank’s July 2025 row keys $2.9 billion for “Saudi money pledged for Syrian infrastructure rebuilding”. The July forum’s total was $6.4 billion across 47 agreements; the $2.9 billion figure matches the forum’s infrastructure-and-real-estate share (SAR 11 billion+) reported at the time, not a separate pledge and not the total. Teach both numbers with their labels — a paper asking the forum total wants $6.4 billion, and a paper asking the infrastructure share wants $2.9 billion.

• September was the announced window, 5 October the held date (Section 5E): the CA bank’s July 2025 row asks the election month and keys September — that is the window announced on 27 July (15–20 September). The vote itself was held 5 October 2025, with 119 of 140 elective seats filled on the day and the rest postponed. Answer “September” only to a question about the announcement; answer “5 October” to a question about when the elections were held.

• Assad’s poisoning is alleged, then denied — never settled (Section 5E): the CA bank’s September 2025 row asks which former leader “was allegedly poisoned” and keys Bashar al-Assad — the bank’s own “allegedly” is the safe wording. The source is a Syrian Observatory for Human Rights claim (hospitalised 20 September, discharged 30 September, private source, motive unstated, possibly to embarrass Moscow); Lavrov denied it on 13 October 2025 (“there were no poisonings”) and no independent confirmation exists. Teach allegation + denial together; a paper asserting the poisoning as established fact is testing the claim, not the record.

• OIC suspension: recommended June, formalised August 2012 (Section 5E): the bank’s “almost 13 years” is right either way — the OIC Executive Committee recommended suspension on 24 June 2012 and the Mecca summit formalised it on 14–15 August 2012; restoration came 7 March 2025. Either 2012 date gives a 12–13-year gap; the restoration date, 7 March 2025, is the answer that matters.

• Held, not taught — the other 2025 death rows (Section 5D): the death-pattern scan returned 35 rows in the 2025 files; only the 16 above are taught. Held: the April 2025 “Professor Khurshid Hamad” senator row (no identifiable figure matches the name and age 92 — the row is garbled, not taught); the July 2025 Zubaida Mustafa row (answer keyed “None of these” with no death identified); the August 2025 Pattoki Assistant Commissioner Furqan Ahmad row (a local administrative death, not an exam-grade personality); the April 2025 Javed Koddu comedian row and the April 2025 Ronald Draper cricketer row (both unverified in this run’s standard-reference checks — neither is taught until a reliable obituary confirms it); and the December 2025 Shamshad Akhtar death row, already held by the Slice 14 economy-year run and still held here (a single bank row, no corroborating obituary found in either run). Disaster-toll rows (Yemen boat 96, Air India 242, Texas floods) are not personality deaths and belong to their own slices, not to this table.

• Sydney crowd figure — two figures, never one (bank key is the organisers’ range): the CA bank’s August row keys 225,000–300,000 for the 3 August March for Humanity. That is the organisers’/independent range; NSW Police estimated ~90,000. Teach both with attribution — a paper keying 90,000 is testing the police figure, a paper keying 225,000–300,000 is testing the organisers’ figure, and either alone looks like an error.

• Indonesia death toll — counts vary by source and date: AP/The Hindu reported at least five dead by 31 August; the Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation counted 10 killed and 3,337 arrested, 25–31 August. The table teaches “at least five by 31 August” — the wider count covers a longer window and a different methodology, not a correction to the 31 August figure.

• Nepal death toll — rising tallies, not a single settled number: early reports counted 19 dead on 8 September and 34 by 11 September; later tallies put the two-day toll above 70 (72–77). The table teaches “dozens killed, later tallies above 70” — never quote 19 or 34 as the final toll.

• Timor-Leste is Southeast Asian, not South Asian (bank-label error, corrected not taught): the CA bank’s September row asks “which South Asian country saw student protests over a plan to purchase 65 new cars” and keys Timor-Leste. Timor-Leste (East Timor) is in Southeast Asia — the geography is in GEO-05 Part 1, and the bank’s regional label is loose. Answer the country, not the label.

• JAAC vs JKJAAC — one body, two spellings: the committee is the Jammu Kashmir Joint Awami Action Committee, universally JAAC; the CA bank spells it JKJAAC. Same body — do not treat them as two committees.

• AJK agreement vs AJK implementation — 4 October is the signing, not the settlement: the 4 October 2025 agreement accepted most of the 38-point charter, but implementation (compensation, FIR withdrawals, the reserved-seats committee) ran on into 2026 and was disputed. A 2025 question asks the agreement date (4 October); later disputes belong to the 2026 retrospective, not this table.

• Hadi’s killers — unidentified, never attributed: Hadi was shot by masked assailants on a motorcycle; at the time of his death no killer had been identified or convicted, and supporters’ claims about where the killers fled are allegations, not findings. Never answer a “who killed Hadi” question with a country or a group.

• Greece’s demand — the bank’s wording is the narrow one: the CA bank’s December row keys immediate EU subsidy payments as the Greek farmers’ primary demand. The wider demand list (tax-free diesel, €0.07/kWh energy cap, 100% disaster compensation, minimum producer prices) is context — if a paper asks the bank’s question, the answer is the subsidy payments.

• October 2025 casualty figures — Pakistan’s claim, never a settled count: the 206 Afghan Taliban + 110 TTP killed, 23 Pakistani soldiers lost figures are Pakistan’s claim as reported by Indian Express / The Nation. Afghan sources disputed the scale and no independent count settled it. Teach the figures only with “Pakistan claimed” attached — a bare “206 killed” answer invites the wrong paper.

• Doha vs Istanbul — ceasefire vs deal: 19 October Doha produced the ceasefire; 25–30 October Istanbul produced no long-term deal and only a one-week ceasefire extension plus a 6 November principals’ meeting. A paper asking “where was the peace deal signed” has no 2025 answer — the deal was never signed in 2025.

• ACC vs PoR — two cards, two deadlines: ACC holders were given 31 March 2025 (announced 7 March); PoR holders were added 31 July with grace to 31 August. A paper asking the March deadline wants ACC, not PoR — and the IFRP itself dates to 1 November 2023, not 2025.

• “Border closure → fewer attacks” — a reported claim, not a finding: the CA bank’s December row keys the decrease in terrorist attacks as the border closure’s impact “according to reports”. Teach it with that attribution — it is a contemporaneous claim in the bank, not a measured result, and the December clerics’ resolution and Chaman humanitarian flow sit alongside it, not as proof of it.

• September 2025 recognitions are NOT Spain, Ireland and Norway (Section 5H): the CA bank’s September 2025 row keys Spain, Ireland and Norway to “recently officially recognized the State of Palestine”. Those three recognised in May 2024 as a coordinated step. The September 2025 wave was the United Kingdom (21 September), Canada, Australia and Portugal that weekend and France (22 September), plus Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, Andorra, San Marino and Mexico — taking the total to 157 of 193. Never answer the 2024 trio to a September 2025 recognition question.

• An IAGS finding is not an ICJ ruling (Section 5H): the International Association of Genocide Scholars is a scholars’ association; its early-September 2025 resolution is that association’s finding, and it binds no court and no state. The ICJ’s Gaza proceedings are a separate, still-running case — never cite the IAGS resolution as “the court ruled”.

• Three October dates, three different things (Section 5H): 9 October the first phase was agreed; 10 October the ceasefire took effect; 13 October the hostage–prisoner exchange happened and the mediators signed at Sharm el-Sheikh. A paper asking “when did the ceasefire begin” wants 10 October; a paper asking “when was the deal agreed” wants 9 October.

• Three mediators in January, four in October (Section 5H): the January deal’s mediators were Qatar, Egypt and the United States; the October deal’s were those three plus Türkiye. A paper naming Türkiye as a mediator is asking about October, not January.

• Resolution 2803 was not vetoed, and it is not a mandate (Section 5H): the vote was 13 in favour, none against, 2 abstentions (China, Russia) — an abstention is not a veto, and the resolution passed. And the Board of Peace is a transitional administration created by the resolution, not a League-style mandate: the CA bank’s November rows framing the plan as reviving a “British Mandate” structure are loose wording, not the resolution’s text — teach 2803, BoP + ISF, authorised until 31 December 2027.

• The 45-day deal was a proposal (Section 5H): the CA bank’s April 2025 rows ask how many days Israel’s proposed deal covered and key 45 days. No 45-day ceasefire took effect in April 2025 — the January deal had already collapsed on 18 March and the next ceasefire came in October. Never answer “April 2025” to “when was the Gaza ceasefire” without specifying which ceasefire you mean.

• Tlaib’s resolution is a member’s resolution, not a finding (Section 5H): the CA bank’s November 2025 row keys Rashida Tlaib for a US Congress resolution recognising the assault as a genocide. That is one member’s introduced resolution — it is not a congressional finding, a court judgment or a UN determination. Teach the member and the act (introduced), never the conclusion as an institutional finding.

• The SCO ceasefire row is timing-mismatched (Section 5H, held): the CA bank’s July 2025 row credits the SCO with an “unconditional ceasefire” summit declaration. The SCO summit that year met in Tianjin on 31 August – 1 September 2025, not July — the row is held, not taught as a July event, and the SCO’s Gaza position is served from GK-11’s summit material, not double-counted here.

• 2026 Gaza rows are NOT this table (Section 5H): the CA bank’s January/February 2026 files carry a separate later Gaza sequence (South Africa–Israel envoy expulsions, the Board of Peace’s $17 billion pledge, the second-phase launch of 14 January 2026, the London Palestine embassy opening, the FIFA Gaza football pledge) and its May 2026 file a Portugal flag-raising row. Those rows are excluded from this 2025 table and its count — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice. The December 2025 “Hamas commander martyred — None of these” row is dropped, not taught: it names no one and answers nothing.

• Suspended is not removed (Section 5I): the CA bank’s August 2025 row keys the Thai prime minister’s removal to a court ruling over the leaked call. The court suspended Paetongtarn on 1 July and removed her on 29 August (6–3). A paper asking “when was she suspended” wants 1 July; “when was she removed” wants 29 August. Never answer one date to the other question.

• Three agreements, three dates (Section 5I): 28 July the Putrajaya ceasefire (military halt, from midnight); 26 October the Kuala Lumpur Joint Declaration (political peace declaration, heavy weapons + observers + demining); 27 December the second ceasefire (defence ministers, noon, after twenty days of renewed fighting). The October declaration is not a ceasefire that ended the December fighting — the December war broke it.

• The 12 December Trump post was not a ceasefire (Section 5I): on 12 December Trump posted that both sides had agreed to halt shooting. Fighting continued until the 27 December defence-ministers’ agreement. A paper asking “when did the second ceasefire take effect” wants 27 December, noon.

• The “removed prime minister” row’s answer is not the prime minister (Section 5I): the August 2025 bank row asks whose leader the Thai prime minister called, and keys Cambodian. The man on the call was Senate President Hun Sen (prime minister 1985–2023); Cambodia’s prime minister through 2025 was his son Hun Manet. Never answer Hun Manet to a “who did she call” stem.

• Srettha is 2024, not 2025 (Section 5I, held): the CA bank’s March 2025 row keys Srettha Thavisin as a recently removed Thai prime minister. Srettha was removed in August 2024; the 2025 removal is Paetongtarn’s. The March row is not taught as a 2025 event.

• Casualty figures carry their dates (Section 5I): at least 35 dead / 260,000+ displaced is the Associated Press figure at the 28 July talks; 38 dead / ~300,000 displaced is the Crisis Group tally by 28 July; later tallies run higher, and the December round’s figures are side claims (Thailand 26 soldiers + 1 civilian; Cambodia 30 civilians killed, 90 wounded). The only year total taught here is the Crisis Group review figure, at least 150 killed and almost a million displaced, attributed as a review total — never quote a round figure as the year figure.

• Preah Vihear awarded ≠ border settled (Section 5I): the ICJ awarded the temple to Cambodia in 1962; the border around it stayed undemarcated and disputed, which is why 2025’s fighting centred on temple areas (Ta Muan Thom, Chong Bok) rather than on a settled line.

• Suriname’s bank key names the wrong president (Section 5J, corrected): the CA bank’s July 2025 row asks who was “recently elected as the President of Suriname after a historic coalition deal” and keys Chandrikapersad Santokhi — Santokhi was the outgoing president; the woman elected on 6 July 2025 was Jennifer Geerlings-Simons (the row’s “Jennifer Simon” option is her name, garbled). Never answer Santokhi to a 2025 Suriname-election stem.

• Gulf of America ≠ the whole gulf renamed (Section 5J): Executive Order 14172 renamed the gulf for US federal use only (the US continental-shelf area); Mexico and the rest of the world still use Gulf of Mexico, and no Act of Congress enacted a global renaming. A stem asking what the gulf “is called” without qualification is testing the US federal name; a stem about Mexico’s usage expects Gulf of Mexico.

• Bolsonaro’s 2026 flight is not a 2025 row (Section 5J, held): the CA bank’s January 2026 rows about Brazil (and the January 2026 Venezuela rows — the 3 January 2026 capture of Nicolás Maduro) belong to the 2026 record, not to this 2025 table, and are excluded here even where they share a name with a 2025 row.

• Ghana’s crash victims were Defence + Environment, not Foreign (Section 5K): the CA bank’s August 2025 row asks which country’s “Foreign Minister” was killed in a helicopter crash on 6 August and keys Ghana. The crash killed Defence Minister Edward Omane Boamah and Environment Minister Ibrahim Murtala Muhammed (with six others); Ghana’s foreign minister in August 2025 was Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, who was not on the flight. Teach the two portfolios, never the bank’s label.

• Two “first” onchocerciasis rows cannot both be first (Section 5K, held): the CA bank’s February 2025 row keys Nigeria as the first country in the African region to officially eliminate onchocerciasis (river blindness), and its December 2025 row keys Ghana as the first African country to eliminate it. Both cannot hold the same first; neither is taught as a first here — the year’s taught disease first is Kenya’s sleeping-sickness validation (Section 5K, August), which the WHO record supports cleanly.

• Rwanda’s UCI Worlds were September, not August (Section 5K): the CA bank carries the Rwanda row in its August 2025 file, but the championships ran 21–28 September 2025 in Kigali. Cite the event dates, not the file month — the same file-month trap as Section 5D’s Nyo Saw row.

• BRICS partner is not BRICS member (Section 5K): Nigeria’s January 2025 admission was as a partner country, the category created at Kazan in October 2024. A paper asking “which country became a full BRICS member in January 2025” wants Indonesia, not Nigeria — and a paper asking “partner country” wants Nigeria (with Uganda in the same wave).

• The Marburg row is a 2024 outbreak, not a 2025 one (Section 5K, held): the CA bank’s November 2025 row keys Rwanda for a Marburg virus outbreak confirmation. Rwanda’s Marburg outbreak ran September–December 2024; no fresh 2025 Rwandan Marburg outbreak is on the record, so the row is held, not taught as a 2025 event.

• Hungary left the ICC, not the ICJ (Section 5L, corrected): the CA bank’s April 2025 row asks which country became the first to withdraw from the “international court of justice” and keys Hungary. Hungary announced withdrawal from the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 3 April 2025; it has never withdrawn from the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the UN’s court at The Hague. The two Hague courts are different bodies — ICC = criminal cases against individuals, ICJ = disputes between states — and a stem naming the ICC wants Hungary, while a stem naming the ICJ wants no 2025 withdrawal at all.

• Barnier is 2024, not 2025 (Section 5L, held): the CA bank’s September 2025 row keys Michel Barnier as the current Prime Minister of France. Barnier’s government fell on 4 December 2024; France’s prime ministers through 2025 were François Bayrou (to 8 September) and then Sébastien Lecornu (9 September, resigned 6 October, reappointed 10 October). The September row is not taught as a 2025 holder.

• Myanmar’s first phase was 28 December, not 5 January (Section 5M, corrected): the CA bank’s January 2026 row asks which pro-military party won the first phase of the junta-run elections “on 5 January 2026” and keys the USDP. The vote was held on 28 December 2025 (102 townships, USDP 89 of 102, about 52% turnout); 5 January is inside the results-announcement window, not the polling date. Teach 28 December; the January row’s party answer (USDP) is right, its date is not.

• Takaichi’s firsts live in GK-08, her election lives here (Section 5M): the rapid-fire line that calls Takaichi a GK-08 first is about the firsts table (first woman prime minister, first woman LDP leader); this table teaches the election (21 October, 237 votes, 104th prime minister, Ishiba out the same morning). A paper asking “when was Takaichi elected” wants 21 October 2025 from either table — the two entries are one event, not two.

• Two Mongolian falls, not one (Section 5M): Oyun-Erdene fell in June (confidence vote, protests) and his successor Zandanshatar fell in October (parliamentary dismissal, four months in office). A paper asking “who was Mongolia’s prime minister in late 2025” wants Zandanshatar (to 17 October, then a caretaker gap into 2026), not Oyun-Erdene — and a paper asking “how many Mongolian prime ministers fell in 2025” wants two.

• Timor-Leste’s two 2025 stories are different stories (Section 5M vs Section 5F): the September story is the car-and-pension protests in Dili (65 Prados, concessions 16 and 26 September); the October story is the ASEAN admission (26 October, 11th member). Same country, same year, different months and different answers — never merge them into “Timor-Leste joined ASEAN after protests”.

• Held, not taught — the other Asia-pattern rows (Section 5M): the loose Asia scan returned 35 rows; only the 11 above are cited. Held: the Taiwan pattern’s 8 rows (mostly 2026 files, submarine-trial and NASAMS/T-dome items that are 2026 or option-distractor material, not 2025 Asia events); the North Korea pattern’s loose rows where North Korea appears only as a distractor or a wrong option (April id 7 Hungary/ICC, April id 11 Russia, January id 110 Cameroon, June id 67 South Korea); the December id 19 visit row (options truncated mid-list, answer unrecoverable — not counted); and all 2026 rows (Takaichi’s January 2026 dissolution id 108, Yoon’s February 2026 life sentence, Lee’s January 2026 China visit, Myanmar’s January 2026 phases) — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice.

• Yemen’s two August tolls are one disaster, not two (Section 5N, flagged): the CA bank’s August rows give 96 (id 1, dated 3 August, southern Yemen) and 68 (id 189, undated “recently”) for a migrant boat capsize off Yemen. Both rows sit in the August file and describe the same class of event; the table teaches the 3 August capsize and flags the toll pair, because no source checked in this run reconciles 68 (early count) against 96 (later count) with certainty — never answer a toll question from one row alone.

• Sana’a was struck twice in the bank’s 2025 record (Section 5N): the 28 August strike killed the Houthi premier al-Rahawi (decapitation strike, workshop meeting); the 25 September row is a separate bombing of the capital with multiple casualties. Same city, same year, different strikes — a paper asking “when was Sana’a bombed” needs the row’s own date, and a paper asking “who was killed” wants al-Rahawi only for August.

• Designation is not the deal (Section 5N): Saudi Arabia’s 20th Major Non-NATO Ally designation is dated 20 November; the US–Saudi Strategic Defense Agreement (with the F-35 element) is dated 18 November and sits in GK-11 Section 9C. Two days apart, two instruments — a stem naming “ally” wants the 20th, a stem naming “defence agreement” wants the 18th.

• The UAE waiver covers officials and diplomats only (Section 5N): the July 2025 Pakistan–UAE waiver row names officials and diplomatic representatives as its scope. An option offering a general Pakistan–UAE visa waiver for ordinary travellers is not this agreement — do not generalise it.

• Held, not taught — the other Gulf-pattern rows (Section 5N): the Gulf scan’s adjacent rows are not 2025 Gulf-year events: the September id 134 Pakistan–UAE drug-initiative row (a cooperation note with no dated event, held as adjacent); the August ids 196/197 ambassador-holder rows (standing holders, not 2025 events); the Skytrax airline rows (Qatar Airways/Emirates rankings, served from the awards tables, not the Gulf year); the Arab Cup host rows (Qatar as host, served from GK-06 Section 6A sports, not the Gulf year); and the November id 170-adjacent exercise rows that name other partners. Bahrain and Kuwait return zero rows in the 12 × 2025 files — no Gulf-year row is taught for either, and no absence is filled from memory.

• Bondi hero name — bank row wrong, corrected (Section 5O): the CA-bank December 2025 row (id 95) keys the Bondi hero as ‘Muhammad Taha’, a Pakistani security guard granted permanent residency. The verified record is different on every element: the man filmed disarming a gunman on 14 December 2025 is Ahmed al-Ahmed, a Syrian-Australian shop owner, who was shot in the arm and hailed as a hero by the prime minister. Teach al-Ahmed; never answer a Bondi-hero stem from the bank row’s name.

• Ghost Shark money — bank row understates (Section 5O): the CA-bank September 2025 row (id 129) keys a ‘$1 billion investment’ in Ghost Shark drones. The September 2025 programme-of-record contract is A$1.7 billion over five years (about US$1.1 billion in contemporaneous reporting). The bank’s $1 billion is not the contract figure — teach A$1.7 billion.

• Held, not taught — the other Oceania-pattern rows (Section 5O): the December id 107 reef row (‘75% of Gonopora corals wiped out’ at the Great Barrier Reef, with pseudo-citations in its explanation) has no corroborating source found in this run and is not taught — no reef percentage is claimed for 2025; the September id 49 lecanemab row is held on the slice-13 precedent (timing/approval status not settled in the bank record) and is not taught; the sports rows (February id 24 tri-series, January ids 70/126 junior-open/Test rows, June ids 76/88 Test-final/Women’s-World-Cup-hosting rows, March id 30 Champions Trophy final, May id 26 Hesson appointment) are served from GK-06, not from this year table — and the June id 88 hosting key (India + Australia for the 2025 Women’s ODI World Cup) is wrong on its face (the 2025 edition was India + Sri Lanka) and is not repeated here.

• The 19% runs one way (Section 5P, corrected): the CA bank’s August 2025 row asks when “Pakistan imposed a 19% reciprocal tariff on US exports” and keys 1 August 2025. The direction is reversed: the 19% is the US tariff on Pakistani exports, set by the 31 July executive order after the 30 July deal, down from 29%. A paper asking “what tariff did Pakistan impose on the US” has no 19% answer in this record — and a paper asking “what tariff did the US impose on Pakistan” wants 19% (from 29%).

• Golden Dome is not Iron Dome (Section 5P, corrected): the CA bank’s August 2025 row asks for the dollar figure of Trump’s “Iron Dome” shield and keys $175 billion. The figure is right and the name is wrong: the January 2025 order was first styled “Iron Dome for America”, but the programme announced on 20 May 2025 is the Golden Dome — a US homeland shield with space-based layers — while Iron Dome is Israel’s existing short-range system. Never answer “Iron Dome” to a US-programme stem, and never answer “$175 billion” to an Israel-system stem.

• Department of War is a secondary title, not a rename (Section 5P): Executive Order 14347 (5 September 2025) authorises “Department of War” and “Secretary of War” as secondary titles only — the order itself preserves Department of Defense as the controlling statutory name until Congress changes it. A paper asking “what is the US defence department called” after September 2025 still wants Department of Defense as the statutory answer, with “Department of War” as the authorised secondary title — never teach the rename as complete.

• Gold Card residency is not instant citizenship (Section 5P): the CA bank’s December 2025 row asks the value of a “gold card for citizenship” and keys $1 million. The card buys expedited lawful permanent residence (EB-1/EB-2, after vetting, plus a $15,000 processing fee), with citizenship only by the ordinary pathway after years — and the corporate tier is $2 million per sponsored employee, not $1 million. A stem offering “$5 million” is testing the February 2025 concept price, superseded by the September revision and the December launch price.

• Armenia–Azerbaijan was 8 August, not 7 August (Section 5P, corrected): the CA bank’s August 2025 row asks who brokered the deal “on August 7, 2025” and keys Trump. The Joint Declaration and the initialling it records are dated 8 August 2025 (Washington) — the 7 August dating matches no signed instrument in this run’s checks. Teach 8 August; the broker (Trump, White House) is right, the day is off by one.

• The aid freeze was global, not Bangladesh-only (Section 5P, corrected): the CA bank’s January 2025 row asks which country “suspended all USAID funding to Bangladesh” under a 90-day review and keys the USA. The 20 January order paused foreign aid generally for a 90-day review — Bangladesh is one affected recipient, not the order’s target. Never answer a “which country was targeted” stem with Bangladesh for this order.

• A stated migration plan is not an enacted statute (Section 5P): the 27 November “permanently pause migration” post named no country list and was paired with an administrative green-card re-examination, not with a law. A paper asking “which law paused migration from third-world countries” has no 2025 statute as its answer — the askable fact is the statement and its date (27 November), plus the 19-country re-examination that accompanied it.

• August-file rows are not always August events (Section 5P): the Department of War order is 5 September but sits in the bank’s August file (floated in August, signed in September), and the Golden Dome announcement is 20 May but sits in the August file too. Cite the event dates, not the file months — the same file-month trap as Section 5D’s Nyo Saw row and Section 5K’s Rwanda row.

• Held, not taught — the other North-America-pattern rows (Section 5P): the scan returned 113 pattern rows in the 12 × 2025 files; only the 27 above are cited. Cross-linked, not double-counted: the Gulf rename (January id 10, February id 6 → Section 5J), the Riyadh/Black Sea/Anchorage/28-point rows (February id 17, March id 51, August ids 132/133/163, November id 78 → Section 5B), Midnight Hammer (June id 96 → Section 5A), the G7-in-Canada rows (May ids 40/45, June id 3 → GK-11 Section 9A), the Venezuela escalation (November id 41, December id 7 → Section 5J), the Saudi designation and visit (November ids 91/106 → Section 5N), the Syria White House row (November id 195 → Section 5E), the Gaza mediator and Tlaib rows (November ids 121/132/163, July id 38 → Section 5H), the Holness row (August id 40 → Section 5J), the Curaçao row (November id 44 → Section 5J), the Uruguay row (October id 55 → Section 5J), the Colombia threat row (December id 110 → Section 5J), and the sports rows (January id 112 Azteca opener, April id 32 Messi medal, July id 84 Club World Cup, September id 74 USA Cricket suspension, October id 39 hosts trio, November id 36 World Cup hosting → GK-06, with the Messi medal served from GK-05’s awards material). Duplicates and holders, not counted twice: January id 118 (Vance duplicate of 117), January id 119 (Trump standing holder), March id 54 (Carney duplicate of 49), April id 18 (Vance duplicate), June id 18 (“Marco robo” Rubio holder, garbled spelling), August id 140 (Rubio holder), May id 22 (Rubio holder). Held as news-cycle, trivia or speculation, not taught: the August screwworm case (id 73), Hurricane Erin (id 124), the Starship explosion (June id 92), the TikTok extension (June id 91), the PAF air-show accolades (July id 87), the California wildfire-vulnerability row (July id 91), the Canada −54°C row (December id 50), the Melania “Patriot of the Year” row (December id 129), the California redistricting row (November id 160), the BBC lawsuit-threat row (November id 161), the 58% disapproval poll row (November id 162), the F-35-for-Saudi consideration row (November id 140 — consideration, not the Section 5N designation), the Cuba mosquito-wave row (November id 157), the Global Vibrancy Index row (December id 6), the state mining index row (October id 40), the garbled India–US “10 percent” row (November id 125), and the “Both” designations row (August id 152, options unrecoverable). Held as wrong-year or garbled, not taught: the March “Saima Mohsin, first Muslim woman federal in America” row (id 8, office garbled beyond recovery), the March “Cool brower” row (id 19 — Cole Brauer’s solo circumnavigation finished in 2024, not 2025), the February 2026-dated visit rows (ids 39/40, a 2026 event filed in a 2025 file), the October Hurricane Oscar row (id 37 — Oscar struck Cuba in October 2024, not 2025), the July UNESCO row (id 100 — historical framing, not a 2025 event row; the July 2025 UNESCO withdrawal announcement is a separate fact, served from GK-03’s organisations material, not counted here), the July NISAR row (id 51 — India–US space, not a North America year event), the June SIPRI row (id 93 — a standing arsenals fact, not a 2025 event), the June measles row (id 48 — health, not a year event), the June Cuba-embassy row (id 67 — minor), the September Turkey–US nuclear row (id 67 — Turkey theatre), the September Freedom Edge row (id 85 — Asia theatre), the September Bangladesh–US exercise row (id 86 — Asia theatre), the September G20-Miami row (id 115 — a 2026 event, forward-looking), the September Landau row (id 132 — rhetoric), the October Japan–US minerals row (id 18 — Asia theatre), the November NASAMS-Taiwan row (id 50 — Asia theatre), the November India 25% row (July id 49 — Asia theatre), the May US–Israel Yemen row (id 15 — Yemen theatre, served from Section 5N’s Yemen material, not counted here), the August nuclear-submarine row (id 187 — vague, no verifiable event), the August “Russian oil unacceptable” row (id 188 — rhetoric), the January CBDC-ban row (id 19 — adjacent digital-finance material, served from CS-07’s emerging-basics, not counted here), the January Iran-missiles row (id 102 — Iran thread, Section 5A), the February Firepower row (id 80 — index material, GK-07), the June London US–China talks row (id 35 — Asia theatre), and the November South Africa G20 non-attendance row (id 38 — summit material, GK-11). Mexico returns no standalone 2025 row — only the World Cup hosts trio and the tariff-war context, stated in Section 5P, not filled from memory.

• The September id 145 key says Britain — the incident is Nepal’s (Section 5Q, corrected): the CA bank’s September 2025 row asks where reports emerged of “an ex-Prime Minister’s wife burnt alive” and keys Britain. The incident it describes is Nepal’s: former prime minister Jhalanath Khanal’s house in Dallu, Kathmandu, was torched on 9 September 2025 during the Gen Z unrest, and his wife Rajyalaxmi Chitrakar died of burn injuries (ANI/Khabarhub, 9–10 September; Geo, 10 September). Teach Nepal, never Britain, to this stem — and do not confuse it with any British domestic incident.

• The July id 142 “9 months” row is held, not taught (Section 5Q): the CA bank’s July 2025 row asks how many additional months in prison Bangladesh’s opposition leader Khaleda Zia was sentenced to and keys 9 months, with an explanation about “continued legal battles”. No 2025 sentence of that shape is on the verified record — Zia’s Zia Orphanage Trust conviction was overturned on appeal in January 2025 — and the row names no case, court or date. It is not taught as a 2025 event; a paper asking about Zia in 2025 wants her acquittal and her party’s charter signature, not a 9-month extension.

• The Milestone toll is “at least 31”, not a final figure (Section 5Q): the CA bank’s July 2025 row keys at least 31 killed on 21 July 2025, and Al Jazeera’s day-after reporting gives the same figure (171+ injured). Later tallies rose above 31 as the injured died — teach the bank’s at-least figure with its qualifier, never a later total as the bank’s answer, and never a day-one figure (19–20, from the first wire reports) as the settled toll.

• The July Charter’s party count is not quoted (Section 5Q): contemporary reports differ on how many parties signed on 17 October 2025 (24 at the ceremony with 2 more later, against other totals including 30 in one wire summary), and four parties declined or stayed away at the ceremony (notably the NCP, over the lack of a binding implementation guarantee). The askable facts are the date (17 October), the presider (Yunus), the place (South Plaza) and the content (two-term PM limit, reforms, referendum) — never a headcount that the sources do not agree on.

• “In absentia” is part of the Hasina answer (Section 5Q): the 17 November 2025 ICT verdict was delivered with Hasina and Kamal absent (in India since August 2024) and without counsel of their own choosing, which is why extradition and appeal questions turn on it — Section 21 restricts her appeal unless she surrenders, and India’s extradition examination was still open in 2026 reporting. A paper asking “was Hasina present at her trial” wants no — in absentia; a paper asking “was she executed” wants no — sentenced, not executed.

• J-10C is a decision, not a delivery (Section 5Q): the CA bank’s October 2025 row keys Bangladesh’s decision to buy J-10C fighters from China. No 2025 delivery is on the record, and the July crash’s aircraft was the older F-7 BGI trainer, not a J-10C — do not merge the crash and the purchase into one “Bangladesh jet” story.

• Held, not taught — the other South-Asia-pattern rows (Section 5Q): the scan returned 91 pattern rows in the 12 × 2025 files; only the 21 above are cited. Held: the January id 20 aid row (served from Section 5P as the global 90-day pause, not a Bangladesh-only suspension); the December id 66 counter-terrorism row (keyed Saudi Arabia, served from Section 5N); the February id 72 Switzerland-programme row (a 2028 programme-end note, not a 2025 event); the May id 37 “former prime minister sentenced to 25 years” row (keyed Sri Lanka, no identifiable 2025 case matches it — garbled, not taught); the November id 39 Ditwah row (served from GEO-02 Section 2B); the May local-polls row (served from Section 5M); the sports rows (tri-series, Emerging Asia Cup final, Women’s World Cup hosting — served from GK-06, not from this year table); and all name-collision rows where Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan or Maldives appears only as an option, a distractor or a host city for another country’s event (Thimphu as a wrong option for the Awaza conference, Colombo/Kathmandu as wrong options for the largest-city row, Sri Lanka as a wrong option for the SCO-host row). Section 5R’s bank-file corrections, flagged not taught: the July 2025 file’s Astana-SCO 3–4 July rows (ids 138/143, and the Gaza-call wording in id 127) are the 2024 summit misfiled in a 2025 file — the SCO’s 2025 summit was Tianjin, 31 August–1 September (GK-03 Section 7A), never Astana; the October id 69 underwater-interview answer is Palau (Oceania, Section 5O territory), with a Pakistan-and-Turkmenistan distractor option, not a Central Asian president; the September id 77 Sahel-withdrawal row’s Turkmenistan-Azerbaijan-Armenia option is a distractor (answer: Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger); and Kazakhstan in July id 98 is a distractor (answer: Turkey). Awaza, previously only a distractor mention in this section’s traps, is now taught in full in Section 5R — the Thimphu option stays wrong.

• Faith 2025 (Section 5S) — the neighbouring-number traps: the Kumbh’s 30 dead is the figure announced on the evening of 29 January 2025 — later official records put it at 37, and independent counts higher; a paper asking “how many died” with 30 among the options wants the announced figure, and one keying 37 is not “wrong”, it is the later count — never merge them into a single “37 dead announced” claim. The Hajj’s 1,673,230 is the counted figure (GASTAT) — the 2.5 million figure in pre-event coverage was a projection, and any option pairing 2.5 million with June 2025 as the counted total is wrong. The Jubilee’s opening pope is Francis (24 December 2024) and its closing pope is Leo XIV (6 January 2026) — a paper asking who opened the Holy Door and one asking who closed it want different names. Mullally’s appointment date is 3 October 2025 — her confirmation (January 2026) and installation (25 March 2026) are 2026 dates, not the appointment. The Dalai Lama’s succession statement is his claim against Beijing’s counter-claim — a paper asking “who, per the Dalai Lama, recognises the successor” wants the Gaden Phodrang Trust, not the Chinese government. Held, not taught — the other faith-pattern rows (Section 5S): the scan returned 6 pattern rows in the 22 CA files; only May 2025 id 23 is cited. Held: the August 2025 id 90 row keying Pope Francis as current head — stale, asked after his 21 April death, counted not taught as current; the July 2026 id 152 Hajj-2026 count and October 2026 id 81 Hajj saving-plan rows (2026 material); and the June 2026 ids 15/27 “diamond jubilee” football rows (keyword false positives, not a religious jubilee).

• Mauritania boat — 86 aboard, 66 Pakistanis aboard, 44 Pakistanis dead (Section 5T): the CA bank’s January rows conflate three different numbers if read flat — id 44 asks the departure (Mauritania) and id 45 keys 44 Pakistanis died. The standard reporting (Walking Borders via Reuters/AFP, 16 January 2025) is: 86 migrants aboard, 66 of them Pakistanis; 36 rescued; about 50 presumed drowned, 44 of them Pakistanis. Pakistan’s Foreign Ministry put the passenger total at 80. Teach 44 as the presumed-drowned Pakistanis, never as the boat’s total aboard and never as a confirmed body count — and never answer “44 Pakistanis aboard” to a departure question.

• UNNM Pakistan — 1 September event, August file (Section 5T): the CA bank carries the UN Network on Migration row in its August 2025 file (id 61), but the launch event was 1 September 2025 (APP/Dawn, 1–2 September). Cite the event date, not the file month — the same lag pattern as Section 5P’s August-file September rows.

• UK sanctions — announced in January, launched later (Section 5T): the January 2025 bank row (id 121) records the regime as “introduced” in January. What happened on 9 January 2025 was the announcement (Lammy’s speech, legislation to follow, in force within the year); the regime itself was launched later in 2025. Teach “announced 9 January, world’s first” and do not date the regime’s operation to January.

• ICC exit — announced September, effective a year after notification (Section 5U): the AES joint communiqué of 22 September 2025 says “with immediate effect”, but Article 127 of the Rome Statute makes a withdrawal effective only one year after formal notification to the UN Secretary-General, and it does not end jurisdiction over crimes committed while a party. Teach the announcement date with the Article 127 correction, never the “immediate effect” claim flat. Two Traorés (Section 5U): Daouda Traoré (Burkinabè general) commands FU-AES from 20 December; Ibrahim Traoré (Burkina Faso’s captain-president) became AES rotating president at the 22–23 December summit — same surname, different men, different jobs.

• Two Aouns (Section 5V): Joseph Aoun (elected president 9 January 2025, army commander since 2017) is not Michel Aoun (president 2016–2022, whose term expired in October 2022, opening the vacancy Joseph Aoun filled) — same surname, different men. Salam’s vote count (Section 5V): tallies during 13 January 2025 moved as consultations closed (78 by mid-afternoon, 84–85 in final Lebanese-media tallies) — teach the designation and the ICJ role, never a single vote figure as certain. PKK dissolution ≠ disarmament complete (Section 5V): the 12 May announcement dissolved the organisation and ended the armed struggle as a decision; the 11 July ceremony was symbolic (30 fighters) and the October move was a withdrawal, not a verified surrender of all weapons — the legal framework for that is 2026 material. Iraq’s second place varies (Section 5V): final results agree on Sudani 46 of 329 with no majority, but second place is reported both ways (Maliki 29 / Halbousi 27 in Xinhua-derived tallies; Halbousi 36 in others) — teach only Sudani 46 and “no majority” as certain. Muscat is not all five rounds (Section 5V): rounds 1–4 were Muscat, round 5 was Rome (23 May) — a paper offering “Rome” for the talks’ venue is testing the fifth round, not the series. Lebanon’s disarmament decision ≠ disarmament done (Section 5V): the August 2025 cabinet decision set a state monopoly by end-2025 and Hezbollah rejected it; the phased army plan from September and any first-phase completion claim belong to the implementation story, and the January 2026 claim is 2026 material.

• El Fasher toll — no single figure taught (Section 5W): UN estimates put the takeover’s dead at ~6,000, while satellite-based researchers put it in the tens of thousands (2026 reporting) — teach the fall (26 October, ~18-month siege), not a toll.

• Signed $1.5bn ≠ delivered (Section 5W): the bank row asks the signed August 2025 Pakistan–Sudan contract value; a single outlet’s later renegotiation report ($230m) is held, not taught, and signed kit is not delivered kit.

• El Fasher ≠ Kadugli (Section 5W): both are IPC famine cities of 3 November 2025 — El Fasher (North Darfur, RSF-captured) vs Kadugli (South Kordofan, SPLM-N-besieged); the pair is the answer, either city alone is half of it.

• Displacement label ≠ war end (Section 5W): “world’s largest displacement crisis” is the UN’s November 2025 warning (about 14 million displaced), not a ceasefire, a return figure or a war-end date.

• Burhan vs Hemedti (Section 5W): SAF army chief vs RSF commander, former deputy — never swap them; the palace retaker is SAF (Burhan, 21 March), the El Fasher capturer is RSF (Hemedti, 26 October).

• Cholera 70 (Section 5W): a May 2025 bank-row figure only (May id 61), not a war toll and not a famine figure — keep it out of the El Fasher and IPC rows.

10. Memory tricks (professional only)

• “14–18, 39–45”: the two war pairs rhyme as pairs — 1914–1918 and 1939–1945. Say them as pairs and the durations never blur.

• “Sarajevo starts it, Versailles settles it — both on 28 June”: the assassination (28 June 1914) and the treaty (28 June 1919) share a date, five years apart.

• “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity — L-E-F, left to right”: the slogan reads in the order the revolution promised them.

• “Marx thought it, Lenin wrought it”: theory vs action — the one-line fix for the Marx/Lenin swap.

• “Napoleon’s little titles, Bismarck’s iron words”: the Little Corporal is small in stature, the Iron and Blood Chancellor is hard in method — the titles describe the men.

• “27 and 90, 94 and 99”: Mandela’s chain — 27 years, out in 90, president in 94, out in 99. Four numbers, one life.

• “13–22–24, Lion–Promise–Hammer”: the Twelve-Day War in one breath — 13 June Rising Lion, 22 June Midnight Hammer, 24 June ceasefire; Israel’s Lion, Iran’s Promise, America’s Hammer. Say the dates with the names and the set never scrambles.

• “Pearl Harbor in December, D-Day in June”: the two American-entry landmarks sit six months apart on the calendar — winter attack, summer invasion.

• 2025 by month — “Jan two, Feb three, Mar Carney, May Dan, Jun Lee, Aug three, Sep two, Oct Afridi, Nov two, Dec two”: January holds Trump + Milanović; February holds De Wever, Napat, Tassoulas; March Carney; May Dan; June Lee; August Nawrocki, Ruginienė, Miftah; September Holness, Anutin; October Afridi (Takaichi sits in GK-08’s firsts); November Mamdani, Rathore; December Babiš, Fakafānua. Walk the months and the names follow.

• “Riyadh, Istanbul, Anchorage, Ankara — R-I-A-A, talks that went nowhere”: the 2025 Ukraine venues in order — Riyadh (Feb, Mar), Istanbul (May, Jun, Jul), Anchorage (Aug), Ankara (Nov). Say the venues and the year tells itself: every round swapped prisoners, none signed a peace.

• “22–23–24, 7–10, Sindoor then Bunyan”: the May 2025 ladder — 22 April Pahalgam, 23 April India’s measures, 24 April Pakistan’s answer, 7 May Sindoor, 10 May Bunyan-un-Marsoos and the DGMO understanding. Say the dates in order and the two operation names fall into place: India’s operation first (Sindoor), Pakistan’s second (Bunyan).

• “Jan Sharaa, Mar OIC-SDF-Constitution, May sanctions, Jul Suwayda-Saudi, Sep announced, Oct voted, Nov White House”: the 2025 Syria ladder — January Sharaa (29th), March three steps (OIC 7th, SDF 10th, Constitution 13th), May–June sanctions off (Riyadh 13 May, EU late May, EO 30 June), July two shocks (Suwayda/Damascus 16th, Saudi $6.4bn 24th), September elections announced, October elections held (5th, 140 + 70), November White House (10th, 90th member) and Bana’s prize (19th). Say the month with the event and the ladder never scrambles.

• “Jan Simitis, Jan Bell, Feb Spassky, Feb Haq, Apr Haider, Apr Francis, May Ngũgĩ, Jul Dahlmeier, Aug Swe, Aug Simpson, Oct Durrani, Nov Dharmendra, Dec Haddad”: the 2025 obituaries month ladder — walk the months and the names follow: January opens with two (Simitis the Greek, Bell the jumper), February with two (Spassky the champion, Haq of Akora Khattak), April with two (Haider the senator, Francis the pope), then one a month to the year’s end except September — May Ngũgĩ, July Dahlmeier, August two (Swe, Simpson), October Durrani, November Dharmendra, December al-Haddad. Say the office with the name (Greece, long jump, chess, Haqqania, PPP, pope, Kenya, Laila Peak, Myanmar, Australia, Sindh, Bollywood, Libya) and the set never scrambles.

• “Sydney–Jakarta–Kathmandu–Dili–Muzaffarabad–Athens–Dhaka”: the 2025 protest map in one breath — Sydney (solidarity, Aug), Jakarta (perks, Aug), Kathmandu (ban, Sep), Dili (cars, Sep), Muzaffarabad (charter, Sep–Oct), Athens (subsidies, Dec), Dhaka (killing, Dec). Say the cities in order and the triggers follow: bridge, allowance, ban, cars, charter, subsidies, shooting.

• “Mar–Sep–Oct–Dec, deadline, warnings, war, close”: the 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan ladder — March ACC deadline (31st, IFRP), September–November UNSC warnings (sanctuaries, TTP), October war then Doha (11th clashes, 19th ceasefire, 25–30th Istanbul, 6 Nov principals), December close (Chaman supplies, clerics’ resolution, Azerbaijan visit). Say the month with the step and the ladder never scrambles: deadline first, war in the middle, ceasefire without a deal at the end.

• “Jan–Mar–Oct–Nov, ceasefire, collapse, ceasefire, Council”: the 2025 Gaza ladder — January ceasefire (announced 15th, in effect 19th, three phases, three mediators), March collapse (18th, aid blocked 2nd, 45-day proposal April, not accepted), September pressure (scholars, Sumud, recognitions — UK/Canada/Australia/Portugal/France), October second ceasefire (plan 29 Sep, agreement 9th, in effect 10th, exchange + Sharm 13th, four mediators), November Council (Pakistan support 14th, Resolution 2803 17th, 13–0–2, Board of Peace + ISF). Say the month with the step and the two ceasefires never merge: January’s is three-phase, October’s is twenty-point.

• “May–July–October–December, killing, war, declaration, war”: the 2025 Thailand–Cambodia ladder — May killing (Chong Bok, one soldier) · June–August fall (call 15th, suspended 1st July, removed 29th August) · July war (24th–28th, five days) and ceasefire (28th, Putrajaya, midnight) · October declaration (26th, Kuala Lumpur) · December second war (7th) and second ceasefire (27th, noon). Say the month with the agreement and the three agreements never merge: July’s is a ceasefire, October’s is a declaration, December’s is the second ceasefire.

• “Jan–Apr–Jul–Sep–Oct–Dec, rename, re-elect, first woman, sentence, runoffs”: the 2025 Latin America ladder — January rename (Gulf of America, federal use only) · April re-election (Noboa, ~56%) · July firsts (Peñico unveiled 3rd; Geerlings-Simons elected 6th, inaugurated 16th) · September escalation and sentence (Venezuela strikes from 2nd; Bolsonaro sentenced 11th, 27 years 3 months) · October runoffs and landslide (Paz 19th, ~54.5%; Milei midterm 26th, deputies 37→101) · November–December records (Curaçao qualifies 18th November, smallest ever; Kast wins 14th December, ~58.2%). Say the country with the number and the four presidential winners never merge: Noboa, Ali, Paz, Kast — plus Geerlings-Simons, elected by parliament, not by popular runoff.

• “Jan–Jul–Aug–Sep–Oct–Nov–Dec, partner, papers, crash, cure, dam, wheels, chief, alarms, cup”: the 2025 Africa ladder — January partner (Nigeria, BRICS) · July papers (DRC–M23 Doha, Ramsar Zimbabwe) · August crash (Ghana) + cure (Kenya) · September dam (GERD) + wheels (Kigali UCI) · October chief (El-Enany, UNESCO) · November alarms (Sudan displacement, Congo hunger) · December cup (Morocco, Arab Cup). Say the noun with the month and the set never scrambles.

• “Feb Merz, Mar brake, Apr court + dark, May vote, Jun fall + pledge, Jul euro + truce, Sep–Oct Paris twice, Sep Moldova, Oct Dublin”: the 2025 Europe ladder — February election (Merz wins) · March brake (debt brake rewritten) · April court (Hungary ICC exit) + dark (Iberian blackout) · May vote (Portugal) + chancellor (Merz, 6th) · June fall (Schoof) + pledge (NATO 5%) · July euro (Bulgaria approved) + truce (Turnberry 15%) · September–October Paris twice (Bayrou out, Lecornu out and back) · September Moldova (PAS) · October Dublin (Connolly) and The Hague’s Dutch tie (29th). Say the months and the numbers follow.

• “Mar arrest, May three votes, Jun two PMs, Sep parade + PM, Oct three firsts, Dec visit + vote”: the 2025 Asia ladder — March arrest (Duterte, 11th, ICC) · May three votes (Singapore PAP 87/97 on 3rd; Sri Lanka NPP 43.26% on 6th; Philippines 6–4–2 on 12th) + declaration (KL, 26th) · June two PMs (Lee in on 4th; Oyun-Erdene out 3rd, Zandanshatar in 13th) · September parade (Beijing, 3rd, trio) + PM (Anutin, 5th, 311 votes) · October three firsts (Zandanshatar out 17th; Takaichi first woman PM 21st; Timor-Leste 11th ASEAN member 26th) · December visit (Prabowo + Nishan, 8th) + vote (Myanmar phase 1, 28th, USDP 89/102). Say the month with the number and the set never scrambles.

• “Feb consult, Feb visa, Jul waiver, Aug boat + strike + detain + visa, Sep bomb, Oct protocol, Nov king + minister + D-8 + exercise + ally, Dec note + visit + solidarity + gas”: the 2025 Gulf ladder — February consult (Doha, 10th) + visa (UAE Blue, 10 years) · July waiver (Pakistan–UAE, officials only) · August four shocks (boat 3rd; al-Rahawi killed 28th, Miftah acting 30th; UN detained 31st; Oman golden visa 31st) · September bomb (Sana’a, 25th) · October protocol (QIA $3bn) · November five (Abdullah II 15–16th, first in 21 years; Abdelatty + stabilisation force; D-8 Cairo; exercise ends 12th; Saudi 20th ally on 20th, not the 18th deal) · December four (Oman Rial note first; UAE President 26th; solidarity after the port-strike incident; Israel–Egypt gas). Say the instrument with the month and the set never scrambles.

• ‘Feb IVF + PM, Jun ballot, Jul treaty + sea, Sep vaccine + ghosts, Oct interview + minerals, Nov court + storm + COP, Dec ban + Bondi + Tonga’: the 2025 Oceania ladder — February science + premier (kangaroo embryos; Napat) · June ballot (Falepili, 280) · July treaty + sea (Geelong, 50 years; Quad-at-Sea, Stratton) · September vaccine + ghosts (koala, single-dose; Ghost Shark A$1.7bn; Ghost Bat) · October interview + minerals (Palau, LiFi; $8.5bn) · November court + storm + COP (Russia blocked 12th; Fina 22nd; Türkiye hosts, Australia negotiates) · December ban + Bondi + Tonga (ban 10th; 14th, 15 killed, al-Ahmed; Fakafanua 15th → 18th). Say the first with the number and the set never scrambles.

• “Jan quake, Jun notes, Jul crash, Aug thaw, Sep fall + firsts, Oct charter + jets, Nov verdict + visit, Dec killing”: the 2025 South Asia ladder — January quake (Tingri 7.1, 7th) · June notes (Bangladesh, no Mujib) · July crash (Milestone F-7, 21st, at least 31) · August thaw (visa-free officials; Ganabhaban museum plan) · September fall + firsts (Khanal’s wife dies 9th; Karki in 12th, first woman PM; Bhandari first woman AG) · October charter + jets (July Charter 17th; JEC 9th, Dhaka; J-10C decision; Maldives triple elimination) · November verdict + visit (Hasina death in absentia 17th; Punatsangchhu-II 1,020 MW 11th; elections + referendum announced 13th; Blind Women’s World Cup, Sri Lanka hosts, India wins) · December killing (Hadi shot 12th, died 18th). Say the country with the date and the set never scrambles — and always say the scope: officials only, in absentia, decision not delivery.

• “Jan two terms, Feb two tariffs, Mar–Apr Carney twice, May Dome + Musk, Jun ban + Harvard, Jul GENIUS, Aug three designations, Sep silence + War + killing, Nov Spear + pause + Genesis, Dec card + jets”: the 2025 North America ladder — January two terms (Trump 47th; Trinidad’s emergency extended) + three withdrawals (Paris, WHO, aid) · February two tariffs (US 25% on Canada; Canada C$155bn back) · March–April Carney twice (sworn in 14th; elected 28th, 169/343) · May Dome + Musk (Golden Dome $175bn on 20th; Musk out, then America Party 5th July) · June ban + Harvard (12 + 7 countries, 4th; Harvard six months) · July GENIUS (18th) + Pakistan deal (30th, 29% → 19%) · August three designations (Armenia–Azerbaijan initialled 8th; BLA/Majeed FTO 11th; War title floated, signed 5th September) · September silence + War + killing (VOA silenced 2nd; Department of War 5th; Kirk killed 10th) · November Spear + pause + Genesis (13th; 27th; 24th) · December card + jets (Gold Card 11th, $1m; F-16 $686m, 8th). Say the number with the name and the set never scrambles — and always say the direction: US on Pakistan, Canada on the US, secondary title not statutory rename. Central Asia 2025 (Section 5R) — “13–31–4–17–8–20–12”: Bishkek treaty 13 March · Khujand tripoint 31 March · Samarkand 4 April · Astana treaty 17 June · Awaza 5–8 August · CAREC 20 November · Ashgabat 12 December. Say the city with the document and the pair never scrambles — Bishkek is the border, Khujand the tripoint, Samarkand the partnership, Astana the friendship treaty, Awaza the landlocked programme.

• Faith 2025 (Section 5S) — “Jubilee–Kumbh–Conclave–Hajj–Trust–Canterbury”: Jubilee “Pilgrims of Hope” (24 Dec 2024) · Kumbh, Prayagraj (13 Jan – 26 Feb) + stampede 29 Jan · Conclave 7–8 May, Leo XIV 8 May (267th) · Hajj 4–9 Jun (1,673,230) · Trust — Gaden Phodrang, 2 Jul (90th on 6 Jul) · Canterbury — Mullally, 3 Oct (106th, first woman). Walk the faiths in calendar order and the set never scrambles — Catholic year, Hindu gathering, Catholic succession, Muslim pilgrimage, Buddhist succession, Anglican first.

• Migration 2025 (Section 5T) — “Boat–Sanctions–Network–Overhaul”: Boat (Mauritania, 2 Jan, 44 Pakistanis) · Sanctions (UK, 9 Jan, Lammy, world-first) · Network (UNNM Pakistan, 1 Sep, Yahya, IOM + UNODC) · Overhaul (UK asylum, 17 Nov, Mahmood, 30 months, 20 years). Four stories, four months, one ladder — and the numbers that stick are 44, first, 1 Sep, 20.

• Sahel 2025 (Section 5U) — “Exit, exit, exit — then build”: ECOWAS (29 Jan) · OIF (17–18 Mar) · ICC (22 Sep) — three exits — then the builds: Passport (29 Jan) · Force (FU-AES, 20 Dec) · Bank (BCID-AES, Dec). And the ranking that explains the urgency: Burkina 1, Mali 4, Niger 5 on GTI 2025 — “1-4-5, the Sahel three”.

• Middle East 2025 (Section 5V) — “President, premier, call, talks, dissolution, ceremony, decision, election”: President (Aoun, 9 Jan) · Premier (Salam, 13 Jan) · Call (Öcalan, 27 Feb) · Talks (Muscat–Rome, Apr–May, 5 rounds) · Dissolution (PKK, 12 May) · Ceremony (weapons-burning, 11 Jul) · Decision (Lebanon disarmament, 5–7 Aug) · Election (Iraq, 11 Nov, 46, no majority). Walk the year in calendar order and the set never scrambles — and always say the scope: dissolution is a decision, disarmament a process; 46 is a plurality, not a majority.

• Sudan 2025 (Section 5W) — “Palace, pact, fall, famine”: Palace (Khartoum, 21 Mar, SAF) · Pact ($1.5bn, Aug, Pakistan–Sudan) · Fall (El Fasher, 26 Oct, RSF) · Famine (El Fasher + Kadugli, 3 Nov, IPC). Walk the year in calendar order and the set never scrambles — and always say the side: palace = SAF, fall = RSF, famine = both cities.

11. Visuals (site build specs)

• TIMELINE — 1776 → 1999: horizontal band from American independence through the French Revolution, Waterloo, the two world wars, the 1949/1959/1979 revolutions, to Mandela’s presidency — placed before Section 2 as the chapter’s orientation graphic.

• MAP — The two world wars: Europe-centred map marking Sarajevo, Verdun, Versailles, Normandy, Stalingrad, Berlin, plus Pearl Harbor and Hiroshima/Nagasaki in a Pacific inset — placed across Sections 2–3.

• INFOGRAPHIC — Revolution cards: one card per revolution (American, French, Industrial, Russian, Chinese, Cuban, Iranian) with four fields — year, country, leader, idea — placed at the head of Section 6 as the chapter’s revision sheet.

• DIAGRAM — The Big Three table: Tehran 1943 seating — Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin — with each leader’s country and title, placed in Section 3.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 changing of the guard: horizontal January → December 2025 band with one node per table row (country flag + name + office + date), placed at the head of Section 5’s retrospective table as the chapter’s 2025 revision sheet.

• TIMELINE CARD — The Twelve-Day War: 13 June (Rising Lion + Bagheri/Salami killed + Mousavi/Pakpour/Hatami appointed + True Promise III that evening) → 22 June (Midnight Hammer: Fordow/Natanz/Isfahan) → 23 June (Al-Udeid retaliation) → 24 June (ceasefire), placed in Section 5A beside the war table, so the three operation names read as one chain.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Ukraine diplomacy chain: horizontal January → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5B row (venue + date + one-line result: gas stopped / Riyadh / Black Sea / Istanbul ×3 / Svyrydenko / Anchorage / Rafales / Ankara / 28-point draft / Midas), placed at the head of Section 5B, so the venues read as one chain and the “prisoners, not peace” pattern is visible at a glance.

• TIMELINE — The May 2025 India–Pakistan ladder: horizontal April → September 2025 band with one node per Section 5C row (Pahalgam 22 Apr / India’s measures 23 Apr / Pakistan’s NSC answer 24 Apr / Sindoor 7 May / exchanges 7–10 May / Bunyan + DGMO understanding 10 May / PCA award 27 Jun / Rs 75 coin 15 Aug / SCO Joint Declaration 31 Aug–1 Sep), placed at the head of Section 5C, so the trigger-to-ceasefire chain reads as one ladder and the two operation names sit on their own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict year: horizontal May → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5I row (Chong Bok killing 28 May · call 15 Jun / suspended 1 Jul / removed 29 Aug · five-day war 24–28 Jul · Putrajaya ceasefire 28 Jul / 13 points 7 Aug · Kuala Lumpur declaration 26 Oct · second war 7 Dec / second ceasefire 27 Dec · 18 soldiers released 31 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5I, so the three-agreement structure reads as one ladder and the July/October/December agreements sit on their own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Syria year: horizontal January → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5E row (date + one-line event: Sharaa 29 Jan · OIC 7 Mar · SDF 10 Mar · Constitution 13 Mar · sanctions May–Jun · Suwayda/Damascus 16 Jul · Saudi $6.4bn 24 Jul · elections announced Sep · elections held 5 Oct · White House 10 Nov · Bana prize 19 Nov), placed at the head of Section 5E, so the pariah-to-partner ladder reads as one chain and the three March steps sit on their own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 obituaries year: horizontal January → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5D row (portrait + name + office/field + date + age: Simitis/Greece 5 Jan 88 · Bell/long jump 25 Jan 94 · Spassky/chess 27 Feb 88 · Hamidul Haq/Haqqania 28 Feb 56 · Taj Haider/PPP 8 Apr 83 · Pope Francis 21 Apr 88 · Ngũgĩ/Kenya 28 May 87 · Dahlmeier/Laila Peak 28 Jul 31 · Myint Swe/Myanmar 7 Aug 74 · Simpson/Australia 16 Aug 89 · Durrani/Sindh 15 Oct 72 · Dharmendra/Bollywood 24 Nov 89 · al-Haddad/Libya 23 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5D, so the year’s deaths read as one month ladder and the office/field sits beside every name.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 protest movements year: horizontal August → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5F row (Sydney 3 Aug / Indonesia 25–31 Aug / Nepal 8–12 Sep / Timor-Leste 15–17 Sep + 26 Sep / AJK 29 Sep–4 Oct / Greece from 30 Nov / Bangladesh 12–18 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5F, so the perks cluster (Indonesia–Nepal–Timor–AJK) reads as one pattern and the three unlike rows (Sydney, Greece, Bangladesh) stand apart.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan year: horizontal March → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5G row (ACC deadline 31 Mar / Germany ask Aug / UNSC warnings Sep–Nov / clashes 11 Oct / Doha ceasefire 19 Oct / Istanbul 25–30 Oct + extension 30 Oct / principals 6 Nov / December close: Chaman, clerics, Azerbaijan), placed at the head of Section 5G, so the deadline-to-ceasefire ladder reads as one chain and the “ceasefire without a deal” ending is visible at a glance.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Gaza year: horizontal January → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5H row (ceasefire announced 15 Jan / in effect 19 Jan · collapse 18 Mar · 45-day proposal Apr · July pressure · August OIC/UNRWA/NA · September scholars + Sumud + recognitions · 20-point plan 29 Sep · agreement 9 Oct / ceasefire 10 Oct / exchange + Sharm 13 Oct · Pakistan support 14 Nov / Resolution 2803 17 Nov), placed at the head of Section 5H, so the two-ceasefire structure reads as one ladder and the January/October mediator counts (three, then four) sit on their own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Latin America year: horizontal January → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5J row (Gulf rename 20 Jan / Noboa 13 Apr / Uribe 7 Jun → 11 Aug / Peñico 3 Jul / Geerlings-Simons 6 → 16 Jul / Ali 1 → 7 Sep / Venezuela escalation 2 Sep → 16 Dec / Holness 3 Sep / Bolsonaro 11 Sep / Uruguay 15 Oct / Paz 19 Oct → 8 Nov / Milei 26 Oct / Curaçao 18 Nov / Kast 14 Dec → 11 Mar 2026), placed at the head of Section 5J, so the election wave reads as one rightward ladder and the Venezuela escalation (September strike → December blockade) sits apart from the ballots.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Africa year: horizontal January → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5K row (Nigeria BRICS partner 17 Jan / DRC–M23 Doha 19 Jul → 15 Nov / Ramsar COP15 Victoria Falls Jul / Ghana crash 6 Aug / Kenya sleeping sickness 8 Aug / GERD 9 Sep / UCI Worlds Kigali 21–28 Sep / El-Enany 6 Oct → 15 Nov / Sudan displacement Nov / eastern Congo hunger Nov / Morocco Arab Cup 18 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5K, so the firsts (partner, UCI host, UNESCO chief) sit on their own dates and the two November UN alarms read as one pair.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Europe year: horizontal February → October 2025 band with one node per Section 5L row (Germany election 23 Feb / Merz 6 May · debt brake 18 Mar · Hungary ICC exit 3 Apr · Iberian blackout 28 Apr · Portugal 18 May · Netherlands fall 3 Jun / election 29 Oct · NATO 5% 24–25 Jun · Bulgaria euro approved 8 Jul · Turnberry 15% 27 Jul · France 8 Sep / 9 Sep / 6 Oct / 10 Oct · Moldova 28 Sep · Ireland 24–25 Oct), placed at the head of Section 5L, so the election-then-money pattern reads as one chain.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Asia year: horizontal March → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5M row (Duterte arrested 11 Mar / Singapore 3 May / Sri Lanka 6 May / Philippines 12 May / KL Declaration 26 May / Lee 3–4 Jun / Mongolia 3–13 Jun / China parade 3 Sep / Anutin 5 Sep / Hwasong-20 Oct / Zandanshatar out 17 Oct / Takaichi 21 Oct / Timor-Leste 26 Oct / Prabowo 8 Dec / Myanmar 28 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5M, so the election wave reads as one ladder and the three October firsts (dismissal, woman PM, ASEAN member) sit on their own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Gulf year: horizontal February → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5N row (Doha consultations 10 Feb / UAE Blue Visa Feb / Pakistan–UAE waiver Jul / Yemen boat 3 Aug / al-Rahawi killed 28 Aug + Miftah 30 Aug / UN detained 31 Aug / Oman golden visa 31 Aug / Sana’a bombed 25 Sep / QIA $3bn protocol Oct / Abdullah II 15–16 Nov / Abdelatty Nov / D-8 Cairo Nov / exercise ends 12 Nov / Saudi 20th MNNA 20 Nov / Oman Rial note Dec / UAE President 26 Dec / solidarity Dec / Israel–Egypt gas Dec), placed at the head of Section 5N, so the instrument-and-date pairs read as one ladder and the August Yemen cluster (boat, strike, succession, detention, visa) sits apart from the November visit cluster.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Oceania year: horizontal February → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5O row (kangaroo IVF Feb / Napat 11 Feb / Falepili ballot Jun / Quad-at-Sea Jul / Geelong Treaty 26 Jul / koala vaccine Sep / Ghost Shark Sep / Ghost Bat Sep–Dec / Palau interview Oct / minerals framework Oct / COP31 arrangement Nov / Russia embassy blocked 12 Nov / Cyclone Fina 22 Nov / under-16 ban 10 Dec / Bondi 14 Dec / Fakafanua 15 → 18 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5O, so the firsts read as one ladder and the December pair (tragedy, then succession) sits apart from the November court-and-storm pair.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 North America year: horizontal December 2024 → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5P row (Trinidad SoE 30 Dec 2024 → 14 Jan / Trump + Vance 20 Jan / Paris + WHO + aid pause 20 Jan / Canada tariffs 1 Feb / Carney 14 Mar → elected 28 Apr / Pakistan tariff 29% → deal 30 Jul → 19% / Golden Dome 20 May / Musk out late May → America Party 5 Jul / travel ban + Harvard 4 Jun / GENIUS Act 18 Jul / Armenia–Azerbaijan 8 Aug / BLA FTO 11 Aug / VOA silenced 2 Sep / Department of War 5 Sep / Kirk 10 Sep / Southern Spear 13 Nov / Genesis Mission 24 Nov / migration pause 27 Nov / F-16 package 8 Dec / Gold Card 11 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5P, so the tariff ladder (February, July) and the November pair (Spear, pause) read as one chain and the direction traps (US on Pakistan, secondary title not rename) sit on their own nodes.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 South Asia year: horizontal January → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5Q row (Tingri quake 7 Jan / Bangladesh notes Jun / Milestone crash 21 Jul / visa-free + museum Aug / Khanal’s wife 9 Sep + Karki 12 Sep + Bhandari Sep / JEC + J-10C + Maldives Oct / July Charter 17 Oct / Punatsangchhu-II 11 Nov + elections announced 13 Nov + Hasina verdict 17 Nov + Blind Women’s World Cup Nov / Hadi 12 → 18 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5Q, so the charter-to-verdict arc (October signing, November sentence) reads as one chain and the Nepal September cluster (death, swearing-in, first AG) sits on its own dates. - TIMELINE — The 2025 Central Asia year: horizontal February → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5R row (Tashkent consultations 5 Feb / Bishkek treaty 13 Mar + Khujand tripoint 31 Mar / Samarkand 4 Apr / Astana 16–18 Jun, treaty 17 Jun / Kyrgyzstan crypto MoUs + Awaza 5–8 Aug / RATS 44th, Kyrgyzstan, Sep / Uzbekistan pharma committee + CAREC 24th, Bishkek, 20 Nov / Ashgabat Forum 12 Dec), placed at the head of Section 5R, so the borders-to-summits arc (March treaties, April–June summits) reads as one chain and the August cluster (crypto MoUs, Awaza) sits on its own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 faith year: horizontal December 2024 → October 2025 band with one node per Section 5S row (Jubilee Holy Door opened 24 Dec 2024 / Kumbh 13 Jan – 26 Feb + stampede 29 Jan / conclave 7–8 May, Leo XIV 8 May, inauguration 18 May / Hajj 4–9 Jun, Arafat 5 Jun / Dalai Lama statement 2 Jul, 90th on 6 Jul / Mullally named 3 Oct), placed at the head of Section 5S, so the two-pope Jubilee frame (opened by Francis, closed by Leo XIV) reads as one arc and the May–July succession pair (conclave, then Dalai Lama statement) sits on its own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 migration & displacement year: horizontal January → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5T row (Mauritania boat 2 Jan → reported 16 Jan / UK sanctions announced 9 Jan / UNNM Pakistan launched 1 Sep / UK asylum overhaul 17 Nov), placed at the head of Section 5T, with the cross-linked rows (Yemen boat Section 5N, Falepili Section 5O, Section 5G deportations, Sudan Section 5K, Trump pause Section 5P) shown as grey side-nodes, not as table rows, so the four new rows read as one ladder and the cross-links stay visibly separate.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Sahel year: horizontal January → December 2025 band with one node per Section 5U row (ECOWAS exit + AES passport 29 Jan / GTI 2025 March / OIF exit 17–18 Mar / Tchiani sworn 26 Mar / Goïta charter 3–10 Jul / ICC exit announced 22 Sep / FU-AES commissioned 20 Dec / 2nd AES summit Bamako 22–23 Dec) — placed after the migration timeline as the chapter’s final 2025 timeline.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Middle East year: horizontal January → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5V row (Aoun 9 Jan / Salam 13 Jan / Öcalan call 27 Feb + ceasefire 1 Mar / US–Iran talks 12 Apr – 23 May, Muscat ×4 + Rome / PKK dissolution 12 May / weapons-burning 11 Jul + Oct withdrawal / Lebanon disarmament decision 5–7 Aug / Iraq elections 11 Nov) — placed after the Sahel timeline as the chapter’s new final 2025 timeline, so the January Lebanon pair and the February–May Türkiye pair read as two chains and the August decision sits on its own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 Sudan year: horizontal March → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5W row (palace 21 Mar / cholera May / defence pact Aug / El Fasher 26 Oct / famine 3 Nov / displacement alarm Nov) — placed after the Middle East timeline as the chapter’s new final 2025 timeline, so the March palace and the October fall read as the war’s two turning points and the November famine pair sits on its own dates.

• TIMELINE — The 2025 disasters year: horizontal February → November 2025 band with one node per Section 5X row (Santorini emergency 6 Feb / Myanmar 7.7, 28 Mar / Texas floods 4 Jul / Kamchatka 8.8, 30 Jul / Pakistan floods Aug / Erin Cat 5 Aug / Kunar 6.0, 31 Aug / Bualoi Sep / Cebu 6.9, 30 Sep / Melissa 28–29 Oct / Ditwah 28 Nov / Tibet 7.1, 7 Jan as a grey cross-link node from Section 5Q) — placed after the Sudan timeline as the chapter’s new final 2025 timeline, so the quake magnitudes read as one ladder and the October–November storm pair sits on its own dates.

12. Practice this topic

• Practice set: 78 verified past-paper questions in the PPSC + FPSC banks match this topic’s tags — 33 on leaders, 22 on revolutions, 15 on the Second World War and 8 on the First World War — the site serves them as this chapter’s practice set, with the IBES General Knowledge capsule questions behind them. Note: the leader bucket counts question-text matches only; questions that merely offer a leader as one option are served through their own topic’s set at serve time, not double-counted here.

• Section 5U’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 Sahel year: the 2 cited Sahel CA-bank rows above (July id 75, September id 77) plus the March id 39 GTI context row and the chapter’s standing GK stems — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks; the companion set is the 12 × 2025 CA files themselves. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior Sahel-year table coverage in any chapter.

• Section 5V’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 Middle East year: no CA-bank rows exist for this table’s facts, so the companion set is the 12 × 2025 CA files themselves read for the already-taught Middle East-pattern rows (Section 5A/Section 5E/Section 5H/Section 5N/GK-11 Section 9A) plus the chapter’s standing GK stems — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior Lebanon/PKK/Muscat-talks/Iraq-election table coverage in any chapter; Slice 68’s bank-only Middle East closure (1 November 2026) is superseded for the standard-reference core only, its bank-row finding standing.

• Section 5W’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 Sudan year: the 2 cited CA-bank rows above (May id 61, August id 135) plus the November id 156 displacement row served from Section 5K — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior Sudan-year table coverage in any chapter; Section 5K’s displacement row is cross-linked, not duplicated.

• Section 5X’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 disasters year: the 9 genuine new CA-bank rows above (February id 14, July id 48, August ids 31/32/66/124, September ids 18/48, November id 39) plus the 2 flagged-correction rows served as corrections, not events (July id 130 Hawaii key, October id 37 Oscar key), plus the 3 January Tibet rows served from Section 5Q — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior disasters-year table coverage in any chapter; Section 5Q’s Tibet rows and GEO-02’s earthquake science are cross-linked, not duplicated.

• Companion practice for the 2025 table: the 28 CA-bank 2025 leadership-change rows (17 files, Jan 2025–May 2026) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged.

• Companion practice for the 2025 war table (Section 5A): the 7 CA-bank rows behind Section 5A (June 2025 file Q69–Q73, Q96 + January 2026 file Q81 standing Hatami row) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The 6 adjacent 2026 Iran–Israel rows (February/March 2026 files) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not June 2025 practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 Ukraine diplomacy table (Section 5B): the 14 CA-bank rows behind Section 5B (January 2025 file Q98–Q99; February Q17; March Q51; May Q54, Q58; July Q98, Q106; September Q117; November Q53, Q78, Q105, Q109, Q115) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The 4 flag rows (gas-resumed Q98, Taurus Q58, Shmyhal Q106, Palianytsia Q117) are served as corrections, not as events; the August 2025 Anchorage row is served from GK-11 Section 9A, not double-counted here; the 2026 trilateral-talk rows (January/February 2026 files) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 India–Pakistan conflict table (Section 5C): the 2 CA-bank rows behind Section 5C (August 2025 file id 65 SCO Joint Declaration + id 134 Rs 75 Marka-e-Haq coin) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question (zero Sindoor/Bunyan/DGMO rows in the 17 files) and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the May 2026 Samarkand row is excluded as a word-boundary false positive; the SCO summit itself is served from GK-11 Section 9A, not double-counted here.

• Companion practice for the 2025 protest movements table (Section 5F): the 12 CA-bank rows behind Section 5F (August ids 12/20, September ids 8/31/136/143/144, October id 6, December ids 9/10/79/80) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the 2026 protest rows (January 2026 id 236 Iraq, March 2026 ids 55/56 USA-consulate/GB-curfew) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the adjacent rows (August id 181 Youm-e-Istehsal observance, July id 17 Balochistan outrage, November ids 130/141/143/180 Hasina/27th-Amendment context) are not served as protest-movement practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 Syria table (Section 5E): the 8 CA-bank rows behind Section 5E (March ids 34/48, July ids 39/69/70, September id 47, November ids 52/195) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the 2026 Syria rows (January 2026 id 99 Rifaat al-Assad death, id 132 US-mediated SDF ceasefire; February 2026 ids 47/52 US troop pullback and embassy-reopening plan) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan table (Section 5G): the 15 CA-bank rows behind Section 5G (January id 56, March id 40, June id 4, August ids 110/172/173, September id 95, October ids 12/22, November ids 97/126, December ids 21/25/114/115) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. Duplicates count once (Muttaqi June id 4 + August id 172 = 1 stem); the table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the Istanbul implementation detail is served from GK-11 Section 9B, not double-counted here; the 2026 Afghanistan rows (February 2026 ids 11/33/39 open-war/operation rows, January 2026 id 41, March 2026 ids 21/51, April 2026 id 22) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the adjacent rows (August ids 57/66/112 cricket/quake/tri-series, September ids 93/112 cricket/SAFRON, January id 30 polio pair, February id 82 Doha 2020 background, December id 51 WPS index, November id 129 Khalilzad claim-row) are not served as Pakistan–Afghanistan practice.- Companion practice for the 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan table (Section 5G): the 15 CA-bank rows behind Section 5G (January id 56, March id 40, June id 4, August ids 110/172/173, September id 95, October ids 12/22, November ids 97/126, December ids 21/25/114/115) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. Duplicates count once (Muttaqi June id 4 + August id 172 = 1 stem); the table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the Istanbul implementation detail is served from GK-11 Section 9B, not double-counted here; the 2026 Afghanistan rows (February 2026 ids 11/33/39 open-war/operation rows, January 2026 id 41, March 2026 ids 21/51, April 2026 id 22) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the adjacent rows (August ids 57/66/112 cricket/quake/tri-series, September ids 93/112 cricket/SAFRON, January id 30 polio pair, February id 82 Doha 2020 background, December id 51 WPS index, November id 129 Khalilzad claim-row) are not served as Pakistan–Afghanistan practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 Gaza table (Section 5H): the 25 CA-bank rows (23 unique stems) behind Section 5H (January ids 11/12, April ids 35/40, July ids 29/33/38/115, August ids 98/158/175, September ids 1/56/57/60/111, October ids 84/85/87, November ids 121/132/133/137/150/163) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. Duplicates count once (April 35/40, November 132/163); the table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the October ceasefire row itself is served from GK-11 Section 9B, not double-counted here; the 2026 Gaza rows (January/February/May 2026 files) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the held rows (September id 83 wrong-year recognitions, July id 127 timing-mismatched SCO row, May id 50 imprecise threat row, November id 45 standing observance, December id 29 unanswerable commander row, October id 91 Bahamas false positive, December/November id 1/29 Oxford Union rows) are not served as Gaza-year practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict table (Section 5I): the 6 CA-bank rows behind Section 5I (May id 53, July ids 20/68/93, August id 77, November id 25) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The August id 77 leadership row is served from Section 5’s leadership table as well, not double-counted here; the table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the held rows (March id 17 Srettha 2024 removal, January/February id 73/45 Thailand armoured-vehicle procurement duplicates, December id 11 SEA Games Thailand, September id 99 Hun Manet standing holder) are not served as Thailand–Cambodia conflict practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 obituaries table (Section 5D): the 16 CA-bank rows behind Section 5D (April 2025 id 31 Simitis; March ids 5/10/15 Bell, id 13 Spassky, id 43 Hamidul Haq; April id 9 Taj Haider; May id 62 Ngũgĩ, id 4 Spassky; July id 56 Dahlmeier; August id 160 Myint Swe, id 123 Simpson; October id 61 Durrani; November id 81 Dharmendra; December ids 12/57 al-Haddad) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. Duplicates count once (12 stems); Pope Francis is served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the held death rows (Khurshid Hamad, Zubaida Mustafa, Pattoki AC, Javed Koddu, Ronald Draper, Shamshad Akhtar) are not served.

• Companion practice for the 2025 Oceania table (Section 5O): the 18 CA-bank rows (17 unique stems) behind Section 5O (February ids 5/7, July ids 52/150, August id 161, September ids 107/129/139, October ids 41/69, November ids 51/77/79/169, December ids 8/95/98/99) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. Duplicates count once (November id 79 + December id 99 = the under-16 ban, one stem); the December id 95 Bondi row is served as the corrected hero name (Ahmed al-Ahmed), not as its printed key; the September id 129 Ghost Shark row is served with the corrected A$1.7 billion contract figure; the August id 2 March for Humanity row is served from Section 5F, not double-counted here; the held rows (December id 107 reef percentage, September id 49 lecanemab) and the sports rows (February id 24, January ids 70/126, June ids 76/88, March id 30, May id 26) are not served as Oceania-year practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 North America table (Section 5P): the 27 CA-bank rows behind Section 5P (January ids 1/13/15/16/20/117, February id 16, March id 49, April id 2, May id 43, June id 24, July ids 23/40/47/124, August ids 21/27/38/125/164, September ids 36/135, November ids 48/55/159, December ids 108/119) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. Duplicates count once (January id 118 = Vance duplicate of 117; March id 54 = Carney duplicate of 49); the August id 21 Pakistan-tariff row is served with the corrected direction (US on Pakistan, not Pakistan on the US); the August id 125 shield row is served as Golden Dome, not Iron Dome; the August id 164 peace row is served with the corrected 8 August date, not the row’s 7 August; the January id 20 aid row is served as the global 90-day pause, not as a Bangladesh-only suspension; the December id 108 Gold Card row is served as expedited residency, not instant citizenship; the cross-linked rows (Gulf rename → Section 5J, Anchorage/28-point → Section 5B, Midnight Hammer → Section 5A, G7 → GK-11 Section 9A, Venezuela → Section 5J, Saudi → Section 5N, Syria visit → Section 5E, Gaza rows → Section 5H, sports → GK-06) are not double-counted here; the held rows listed in Traps are not served as North-America-year practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 South Asia table (Section 5Q): the 21 CA-bank rows behind Section 5Q (January id 104, June id 45, July id 36, August ids 83/99/119/190, September ids 52/53/108/136/145, October ids 17/64/76, November ids 4/17/46/47/130/190) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The September id 145 row is served with the corrected Nepal incident, not its printed Britain key; the July id 142 Khaleda row is not served; the Nepal protest rows (September ids 143/144) and Hadi rows (December ids 79/80) are served from Section 5F, the Sri Lanka polls row from Section 5M, the Ditwah row from GEO-02 Section 2B, and the January aid row from Section 5P — none double-counted here; the table’s standard-reference rows (July Charter signing, elections + referendum announcement) carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the 2026 South Asia rows (February 2026 Bangladesh election and referendum, standing-holder rows in the 2026 files) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice.

• Companion practice for the 2025 migration & displacement table (Section 5T): the 4 CA-bank rows behind Section 5T (January ids 44/45, January id 121, August id 61, November id 136) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The cross-linked rows are served from their own tables (Section 5G, Section 5K, Section 5N, Section 5O, Section 5P, Section 5L, GEO-02), not double-counted here.

• Book mode: ← Previous: International Organisations · Next: Books, Authors & Awards →

Goldmine Notes · General Knowledge · Chapter 4 · Sources: TBT GK Lecture 9 (Europe Part 2 — French Revolution, Rousseau, Napoleon/St Helena, Marx), verified PPSC/FPSC past-paper banks (78 topic questions, script-counted by tight question-text keyword, first-match, across 23,990 questions in 196 files), IBES General Knowledge capsule bank (catalogue: world-history topics), standard-reference checks (WWII dates: Pearl Harbor 7 Dec 1941, D-Day 6 June 1944, Hiroshima 6 Aug 1945, Nagasaki 9 Aug 1945, Versailles 28 June 1919; Bastille 14 July 1789; American independence 4 July 1776; Russian Revolution 1917). Retrospective table (Section 5, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 6): gk360 monthly CA bank, 28 backing rows (scripts hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025leaders.py and hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-leaders.py), each row verified against standard news sources in the same run; bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Ireland/Harris row, Vanuatu office, Mamdani vote share). Retrospective war table (Section 5A, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 17): gk360 monthly CA bank, 7 backing rows (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025iranisrael.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — June 2025 file Q69–Q73, Q96 + January 2026 file Q81) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (Tribune/Xinhua/Al Jazeera 13–15 June 2025 for Bagheri/Salami/Rashid killed and Mousavi/Pakpour/Hatami appointments; Long War Journal/FDD and Financial Express for 13–24 June dates, Midnight Hammer targets and 24 June ceasefire); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (bare “True Promise” completed to True Promise III; Hatami/Mousavi posts distinguished; 6 scientists as first-day figure only; 2026 Epic Fury/Fateh Khyber/Khamenei rows excluded as 2026 material). Retrospective Ukraine diplomacy table (Section 5B, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 19): gk360 monthly CA bank, 14 backing rows (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025ukraine.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — January 2025 Q98–Q99, February Q17, March Q51, May Q54/Q58, July Q98/Q106, September Q117, November Q53/Q78/Q105/Q109/Q115) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (Xinhua 23 July 2025 and 19 November 2025 for the Istanbul rounds and the Ankara meeting; AP/The Hindu 17 November 2025 for the Rafale letter of intent; European Parliament briefing and Reuters-derived reporting for the 20 November 2025 28-point draft leak and Geneva refinement; Kyiv Independent/APA 17 July 2025 for the Svyrydenko confirmation; NABU reporting November 2025 for Operation Midas; LIGA.net/Kyiv Independent for the Taurus non-delivery; Kyiv Independent 25 August 2024 for the Palianytsia unveiling); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (gas “resumed” key wrong; Shmyhal PM key stale at 17 July 2025; Taurus delivery key wrong — never delivered; Palianytsia “recently introduced” a year stale; “secretly hosted” wording loose; Anchorage counted in GK-11 Section 9A, not here; 2026 trilateral rows excluded as 2026 material). Retrospective India–Pakistan conflict table (Section 5C, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 20): gk360 monthly CA bank, 2 backing rows (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025indpak.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — August 2025 id 65 SCO Joint Declaration + id 134 Rs 75 coin; zero Sindoor/Bunyan/DGMO rows, May 2026 Samarkand row excluded as a word-boundary false positive) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (The Hindu 7 May 2025 for Sindoor’s 24 strikes on 9 sites, Bahawalpur/Muridke, 01:05–01:30 timing and the 25 Indians + 1 Nepali Pahalgam count; Indian Express / New Indian Express 10 May 2025 for the DGMO 15:35 call and 17:00 IST stoppage; PCA press release 27 June 2025 for the Supplemental Award on Competence; PTI via ThePrint / Firstpost 24 April 2025 for the NSC measures; Business Recorder 15–16 August 2025 for the Rs 75 coin’s denomination, date, size, weight and composition); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (aircraft-loss figures as claims only; “termination” corrected to “abeyance” for both the IWT and Simla; DGMO understanding not a signed treaty; Bunyan spelling variants are one operation; coin distractors 100/50). Retrospective obituaries table (Section 5D, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 22): gk360 monthly CA bank, 16 backing rows across 12 unique stems (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025deaths.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — 35 death-pattern rows in the 2025 files, 16 cited, duplicates counted once: Bell ×3, Spassky ×2, al-Haddad ×2) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (AP/The Hindu 5 January 2025 for Simitis, 88; World Athletics 25 January 2025 for Bell, 94, 1956 gold; FIDE/Chess.com 27 February 2025 for Spassky, 88, 10th champion 1969–72; AFP/The Nation 28 February 2025 for the Darul Uloom Haqqania bombing and Hamidul Haq, 56; Dawn/Tribune 8–9 April 2025 for Taj Haider, 83; Vatican News 21 April 2025 for Pope Francis, 88, first Latin American/Jesuit pope; family statement via The Star/AP 28 May 2025 for Ngũgĩ, 87; AFP/Malay Mail 30–31 July 2025 for Dahlmeier, 31, Laila Peak rockfall; MRTV/Mizzima 7 August 2025 for Myint Swe, 74; Cricket Australia/AFP 16 August 2025 for Simpson, 89, 62 Tests; Pakistan Today/The Nation 15–16 October 2025 for Durrani, 72; Dawn/The News 24–25 November 2025 for Dharmendra, 89, 24 November; Kathmandu Post/NST 23–24 December 2025 for al-Haddad, Ankara-area crash); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Simitis age 82 corrected to 88; Durrani 74 wire variant rejected for 72; Dharmendra 10 November rumour rejected for 24 November; duplicate prints counted once; Khurshid Hamad, Zubaida Mustafa, Pattoki AC, Javed Koddu, Ronald Draper and the already-held Shamshad Akhtar rows held, not taught). Retrospective Syria table (Section 5E, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 25): gk360 monthly CA bank, 8 backing rows (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025syria.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — March ids 34/48, July ids 39/69/70, September id 47, November ids 52/195; the word-boundary ‘syria’ scan returns 11 rows, of which the 3 in the 2026 files are excluded as 2026 material, and the earlier 72-row theme count was a substring artefact — ‘hts’ matching ‘rights’/‘months’ — not a Syria count) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (Wikipedia/Sharaa decree list for the 29 January 2025 presidency and 13 March 2025 Constitutional Declaration; Sidley/Legal 500 for EU late-May 2025 lifting and EO 14312 of 30 June 2025; AP/Al Jazeera 16 July 2025 for the Suwayda clashes and Damascus HQ strikes; SANA/MEED for the 24 July 2025 Syrian-Saudi forum, 47 agreements, $6.4 billion; Reuters via Global South World/QNA 21 September–5 October 2025 for the election announcement window, 5 October polling, 140 + 70 seats and the three postponed provinces; Dawn/Al Jazeera 10–12 November 2025 for the White House visit, first since 1946, and the 90th anti-ISIS coalition membership; Dawn/Khaleej Times 19–20 November 2025 for Bana al-Abed’s International Children’s Peace Prize; SOHR via Kurdistan24/The Week 2–5 October 2025 plus Lavrov’s 13 October 2025 denial for the Assad poisoning allegation; TRT/UNA-OIC 7–8 March 2025 for the OIC restoration); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (“Ahmad Al sahara” read as al-Sharaa; SDF agreement signed, not completed, in 2025; sanctions in three steps, not one date; Damascus HQ strike 16 July, not the bank’s 30 July; $2.9 billion as the infrastructure-and-real-estate share, not the $6.4 billion forum total; September as the announced window, 5 October as the held date; Assad poisoning as allegation plus denial, never settled; 2026 Syria rows excluded as 2026 material) + the 2025 protest movements table (Section 5F, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 26): gk360 monthly CA bank, 12 backing rows (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025protests.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — August ids 12/20, September ids 8/31/136/143/144, October id 6, December ids 9/10/79/80; the word-boundary ‘protest’ scan returns 21 rows, of which 9 are excluded — 3 in the 2026 files as 2026 material, 6 adjacent/observance/context rows stated not counted) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (Reuters/Haaretz/Guardian for the 3 August 2025 Sydney march, police ~90,000 vs organisers 225,000–300,000, NSW Supreme Court 2 August ruling; AP/The Hindu/Al Jazeera 31 August 2025 for Indonesia’s 25 August start, 50 million rupiah allowance, Affan Kurniawan’s 28 August death and the 31 August perks concession; Economic Times/Phys.org 8–12 September 2025 for Nepal’s ban, 8–9 September protests, Oli’s 9 September resignation and Karki’s 12 September swearing-in; ICG/IDEA/AFP 15–29 September 2025 for Timor-Leste’s 65 Prados, 16 September car cancellation and 26/29 September pension repeal; Dawn/Business Recorder/Hivos 29 September–4 October 2025 for the AJK 38-point charter, 29 September start, at least 9–10 dead and the 4 October agreement terms; China-CEE/Wikipedia 30 November–December 2025 for Greece’s OPEKEPE blockades and subsidy demand; The Hindu/Firstpost 12–20 December 2025 for Hadi’s 12 December shooting, 18 December death in Singapore and 20 December state mourning); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Sydney bank range is the organisers’ figure, police ~90,000; Indonesia toll at least five by 31 August vs legal-aid 10; Nepal toll above 70, not 19/34; Timor-Leste Southeast Asian, not South Asian; JAAC = JKJAAC; 4 October is the AJK signing, not the settlement; Hadi’s killers unidentified; Greece’s bank demand is the narrow subsidy-payments wording; 2026 protest rows excluded as 2026 material) + the 2025 Pakistan–Afghanistan table (Section 5G, added 1 November 2026, CA retrospective slice 31): gk360 monthly CA bank, 15 backing rows (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025afghan.py over 17 CA files / 2,012 questions — 34 Afghan-pattern rows, 15 cited: January id 56, March id 40, June id 4, August ids 110/172/173, September id 95, October ids 12/22, November ids 97/126, December ids 21/25/114/115; 19 excluded — 10 in 2026 files as 2026 material including the February 2026 open-war rows, 9 in 2025 files as adjacent/cricket/quake/index/background/claim rows) + standard-reference checks 1 November 2026 (PID press release 7 March 2025 and Dawn 7 March 2025 for the ACC 31 March deadline and 1 April deportation start; UNHCR Returns Emergency Response 6 November 2025 for the 31 July PoR expansion, 31 August grace and 662,300 returns by 1 November; Tribune / BusinessWorld 19 October 2025 for the Doha immediate ceasefire, Asif/Yaqoob and Qatar–Türkiye mediation; Indian Express 6 November 2025 and The Nation 7 November 2025 for the 11 October clash start, the 15 October ceasefire, the 25–30 October Istanbul round and the 206 + 110 / 23 claim figures; Azertag 31 October 2025 for the 30 October ceasefire extension and 6 November principals’ meeting); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (casualty figures as Pakistan’s claim only; Istanbul as no-deal, not a signed peace; ACC vs PoR deadlines kept distinct; border-closure impact kept as a reported claim; Kunar quake counted in GEO-02 Section 2B, tri-series in sports, Doha 2020 as background, 2026 rows excluded as 2026 material). Standard answers only. Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 Gaza year table, Section 5H): gk360 monthly CA bank, 41 Gaza-pattern rows over 17 files / 2,012 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025gaza.py) — 25 rows / 23 unique stems cited, 16 excluded and stated (8 in 2026 files as 2026 material, September id 83 wrong-year recognitions, July id 127 timing-mismatched SCO row, May id 50 imprecise threat row, November id 45 standing observance, December id 29 unanswerable commander row, October id 91 Bahamas false positive, Oxford Union rows December id 1 / November id 29); standard-reference verification — January ceasefire announced 15 January / in effect 19 January, three phases, mediators Qatar/Egypt/USA; collapse 18 March 2025; September 2025 recognitions (UK 21 September, Canada/Australia/Portugal that weekend, France 22 September, total 157/193) against the May 2024 Spain/Ireland/Norway recognitions; Global Sumud Flotilla interception 1–3 October 2025; 20-point plan announced 29 September 2025, agreement 9 October, ceasefire in effect 10 October, exchange and Sharm el-Sheikh summit 13 October; UNSC Resolution 2803 adopted 17 November 2025, 13–0–2, Board of Peace + International Stabilization Force authorised until 31 December 2027 (UN press coverage SC/16225). Standard answers only.

Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 Thailand–Cambodia border conflict year table, Section 5I): gk360 monthly CA bank, 6 Thailand–Cambodia rows over 17 files / 2,012 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025thaicambodia.py) — May id 53, July ids 20/68/93, August id 77, November id 25 cited; standard-reference verification — Chong Bok clash 28 May 2025, one Cambodian soldier killed, 200-metre pullback 29 May, 2024 positions 8 June, JBC 14 June; Paetongtarn–Hun Sen call 15 June 2025, suspension 1 July, removal 29 August 2025 (6–3), Anutin elected 5 September; five-day war 24–28 July 2025, ≥35 dead / 260,000+ displaced at the talks (AP 28 July), ICG 38 dead / ~300,000 displaced by 28 July; Putrajaya unconditional ceasefire 28 July 2025 from midnight (Anwar host, Hun Manet + Phumtham, USA co-organiser, China participant), commanders 29 July, GBC 4 August, 13-point agreement 7 August with ASEAN observers; Kuala Lumpur Joint Declaration 26 October 2025 (Trump + Anwar witnesses); fighting resumed 7 December 2025, second ceasefire 27 December 2025 at noon (Natthaphon + Tea Seiha), 18 soldiers released 31 December after 155 days; ICG review year total ≥150 killed / almost a million displaced; held, not taught — March id 17 Srettha removal (August 2024, not 2025), January/February armoured-vehicle duplicates (procurement, not conflict), December id 11 SEA Games (sports), September id 99 Hun Manet (standing holder since 2023). Standard answers only. *Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 Europe year table, Section 5L): gk360 monthly CA bank, 12 Europe rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025europe.py) — April id 7, March id 37, May ids 11/23, June ids 11/100, May ids 39/44, July ids 28/71, December ids 32/86 cited; September id 141 Barnier row served as a correction, not counted as an event; standard-reference verification — Germany election 23 Feb 2025 (CDU/CSU 28.5%, AfD 20.8%), Merz second ballot 6 May (310 first, 325 second, 316 needed), debt-brake vote 18 Mar 2025 (512–206, defence above 1% exempt, €500bn fund), Iberian blackout 28 Apr 2025 (12:33 CEST, overvoltage cascade), Portugal election 18 May 2025 (AD 91/230, Chega 60, minority government 5 Jun), Netherlands collapse 3 Jun 2025 and election 29 Oct 2025 (D66 26 on 16.94% = PVV 26 on 16.66%), NATO Hague Declaration 25 Jun 2025 (5% by 2035, 3.5 + 1.5, review 2029), Bulgaria euro approval 8 Jul 2025 (21st, 1.95583 lev, adoption 1 Jan 2026), Turnberry framework 27 Jul 2025 (15% ceiling, steel/aluminium 50%), France confidence vote 8 Sep 2025 (364–194), Lecornu 9 Sep / resignation 6 Oct / reappointment 10 Oct, Moldova election 28 Sep 2025 (PAS 50.2%, 55/101), Ireland election 24–25 Oct 2025 (Connolly 63.36%, 914,143 votes, 10th president); cross-linked not duplicated — Section 5 leadership table (Dan, Nawrocki, Babiš, Ruginienė, De Wever, Tassoulas, Milanović), GK-08 firsts (Diella, Metreweli), GK-11 Section 9C (Kensington Treaty), Section 5B (Ukraine diplomacy), Section 5H traps (September recognitions wrong-year row).

• Companion practice for the 2025 Latin America year (Section 5J): the 12 CA-bank 2025 rows behind Section 5J (January id 10, February id 6, June id 47, July ids 114/123, August id 40, September ids 2/119, October id 55, November ids 41/44, December id 7; September id 126 is a Guyana holder row, cited as such, not counted as election backing) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The January 2026 Venezuela rows (including the 3 January 2026 capture of Nicolás Maduro) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice.
• Companion practice for the 2025 Africa table (Section 5K): the 12 CA-bank rows behind Section 5K (January id 125, July ids 63/74/133, August ids 11/147/174, October id 58, November ids 138/139/156, December id 65) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged.
• Companion practice for the 2025 Europe table (Section 5L): the 12 CA-bank rows behind Section 5L (April id 7, March id 37, May ids 11/23, June ids 11/100, May ids 39/44, July ids 28/71, December ids 32/86) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The September id 141 Barnier row is served as a correction, not as a 2025 holder; the table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the January 2026 Bulgaria-adoption rows are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the adjacent rows (September id 121 Diella, June id 82 MI6 chief) are served from GK-08’s firsts tables, not double-counted here.
• Companion practice for the 2025 Asia table (Section 5M): the 11 CA-bank rows behind Section 5M (October ids 35/90, August id 44, September id 97, June id 23, September id 53, October id 50, August id 53, December ids 90/131/132) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The January 2026 Myanmar row is served as a correction (vote 28 December 2025, not 5 January), not as a 2025 event date; the table’s other rows carry no CA-bank question and are served as standard-reference material, stated not counted; the 2026 Asia rows (Takaichi dissolution, Yoon sentence, Lee China visit, Myanmar phases 2–3, Mongolia successor) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the held rows (Taiwan-pattern rows, North-Korea-as-distractor rows, December id 19 truncated-visit row) are not served as Asia-year practice.
• Companion practice for the 2025 Gulf table (Section 5N): the 23 CA-bank rows behind Section 5N (February ids 13/22, July id 66, August ids 1/13/15/18/75/189, September id 14, October id 31, November ids 16/32/35/43/91/142/170, December ids 27/45/47/48/70) are served alongside this chapter until they enter the past-paper banks; bankCount 78 unchanged. The August boat-toll pair (ids 1/189) is served as a flagged conflict, not as a settled toll; the cross-linked rows (Riyadh talks Section 5B, SFD + US–Saudi deal GK-11 Section 9C, Doha summit GK-11 Section 9A, SMDA GK-09 Section 3A, DRC–M23 Doha Section 5K, Gaza stance Section 5H, Miftah name Section 5 leadership) are served from their own tables, not double-counted here; the 2026 Gulf rows (standing-holder rows in the 2026 files, the November 2026 World file’s Yemen sequel A56) are excluded — 2026 retrospective material, not 2025 practice; the held rows (September id 134 drug-initiative note, August ids 196/197 ambassador holders, Skytrax rows, Arab Cup host rows) are not served as Gulf-year practice. Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 Asia year table, Section 5M): gk360 monthly CA bank, 11 Asia rows over 17 files / 2,012 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025asia.py) — October ids 35/90 (Takaichi), August id 44 (Ishiba holder), September id 97 (Ishiba resignation), June id 23 (Lee), September id 53 (Yunus holder), October id 50 (Hwasong-20), August id 53 + December ids 90/131/132 (Prabowo holder, award, visit) cited; standard-reference verification — Duterte arrested 11 March 2025, transferred to The Hague 12 March (ICC/VERA Files, first Asian leader before the ICC); Singapore GE 3 May 2025 (PAP 87/97, 65.57%, CNA); Sri Lanka LG 6 May 2025 (NPP 43.26%, 3,927 seats, Xinhua); Philippines midterms 12 May 2025 (Alyansa 6, DuterTen 4, KiBam 2, turnout 82.2%, Bong Go 27.1m); KL Declaration 26 May 2025 (46th ASEAN Summit, ACV 2045, Anwar chair); Lee 49.42% vs Kim 41.15%, inaugurated 4 June 2025 (Yonhap/IDEA, Yoon removed 4 April 2025); Mongolia Oyun-Erdene out 3 June, Zandanshatar in 13 June and out 17 October 2025 (Straits Times/Xinhua/Nikkei); China Victory Day parade 3 September 2025 (80th, 26 leaders, Xi + Putin + Kim, Xinhua); Anutin elected 5 September 2025, 311 votes, 32nd PM, Paetongtarn removed 29 August (Thailand government portal); Timor-Leste admitted as 11th ASEAN member 26 October 2025 (47th Summit, ASEAN Secretariat); Myanmar phase 1 on 28 December 2025 (USDP 89/102, ~52% turnout, Eleven/AP); held, not taught — Taiwan-pattern rows (2026/option material), North-Korea-as-distractor rows, December id 19 truncated-visit row, and all 2026 Asia rows (Takaichi dissolution, Yoon sentence, Lee China visit, Myanmar phases 2–3, Mongolia successor); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Myanmar first phase dated 5 January in the January 2026 row, corrected to 28 December 2025; Takaichi election vs GK-08 firsts entry distinguished; two Mongolian falls in one year; Timor-Leste protests vs admission kept distinct). Standard answers only. Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 Gulf year table, Section 5N): gk360 monthly CA bank, 23 Gulf rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025gulf.py) — February ids 13/22, July id 66, August ids 1/13/15/18/75/189, September id 14, October id 31, November ids 16/32/35/43/91/142/170, December ids 27/45/47/48/70 cited; standard-reference verification — al-Rahawi killed 28 August 2025 in Sana’a, Houthi PM since August 2024, death confirmed 30 August (TRT/AFP 30 August 2025; Xinhua explainer 8 September 2025 for the workshop meeting and the nine ministers); Jordan visit 15–16 November 2025, first Jordanian monarch visit in 21 years, Nur Khan reception, MoUs on media/culture/education (Dawn 15 November 2025; Royal Court visit record 15 November 2025; PID PR No. 158, 15 November 2025); chapter-check confirmed zero prior Gulf-year table coverage in any chapter (Miftah’s name only in Section 5’s leadership table, the Gaza stance only in Section 5H’s November close, the agreements only in GK-11 Section 9C and GK-09 Section 3A); held, not taught — September id 134 Pakistan–UAE drug-initiative note (undated cooperation note, adjacent), August ids 196/197 ambassador-holder rows (standing holders, not events), Skytrax airline rows and Arab Cup host rows (awards/sports tables, not the Gulf year), and all 2026 Gulf rows (standing-holder rows in the 2026 files, the November 2026 World file’s Yemen sequel A56); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Yemen boat toll pair 68 vs 96 flagged, not settled; Sana’a 28 August vs 25 September kept as two separate strikes; MNNA 20 November distinguished from the 18 November defence deal; UAE waiver scope held to officials/diplomats only; Abdelatty agenda taught only to the bank row’s visible clause, its truncated remainder not completed; Yemen port-strike solidarity taught in the bank’s own phrasing, no port named; Bahrain/Kuwait zero rows stated, nothing invented for them). Standard answers only.

Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 Oceania year table, Section 5O): gk360 monthly CA bank, 18 Oceania rows / 17 unique stems over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025oceania.py — February ids 5/7, July ids 52/150, August id 161, September ids 107/129/139, October ids 41/69, November ids 51/77/79/169, December ids 8/95/98/99 cited; 28 Oceania-pattern rows in total, 10 stated not cited: August id 2 March for Humanity served from Section 5F, December id 107 reef percentage held unverified, September id 49 lecanemab held on the slice-13 precedent, 7 sports rows served from GK-06) + standard-reference verification 1 November 2026 (UQ 6 February 2025 for kangaroo ICSI embryos, eastern grey, 20+ embryos; RNZ 11 February 2025 for Napat, 50 of 52, fifth PM in four years; Falepili Union in force 28 August 2024, first ballot June 2025, 280 a year, first arrivals December 2025; US State Department 1 July 2025 for Quad-at-Sea, Stratton, Palau to Guam; UK Government/Australian Defence 26 July 2025 for the Geelong Treaty, 50 years, AUKUS Pillar I, Marles + Healey; UniSC/APVMA September 2025 for the single-dose koala vaccine, mortality down at least 65%; Anduril/Reuters September 2025 for Ghost Shark A$1.7 billion programme of record; Boeing Australia/RAAF reporting for Ghost Bat first flight March 2021 and first 6-aircraft order December 2025; AFP 9 October 2025 for Palau’s Whipps Jr underwater interview, LiFi Talking Mask, Liivand; Sullivan & Cromwell/CCIWA October 2025 for the US–Australia minerals framework, $8.5 billion pipeline, $1 billion each; Türkiye climate ministry/Greenpeace 19–23 November 2025 for the COP31 arrangement, Türkiye hosts and presides, Bowen president of negotiations, pre-COP in the Pacific; High Court of Australia 12 November 2025 for the Russia embassy lease ruling, compensation due; Darwin City/Bureau of Meteorology reporting 22–23 November 2025 for Cyclone Fina, Category 3, Darwin, strongest since Tracy 1974, about 19,000 properties without power, no fatalities; Online Safety Amendment Act 2024, in effect 10 December 2025, for the world-first under-16 ban; AP/Straits Times December 2025 for Bondi, 14 December, 15 killed, Ahmed al-Ahmed; RNZ/Matangi Tonga 15–18 December 2025 for Fakafanua, 16–10 over Eke, appointed 18 December, second noble PM since 2010); chapter-check confirmed zero prior Oceania-year table coverage in any chapter (Napat and Fakafanua names only in Section 5’s leadership table, March for Humanity only in Section 5F, Oceania geography only in GEO-05, sports only in GK-06); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Napat ‘president’ corrected to prime minister; Bondi hero name ‘Muhammad Taha / Pakistani security guard’ rejected for Ahmed al-Ahmed, Syrian-Australian shop owner; Ghost Shark ‘$1 billion’ corrected to A$1.7 billion; minerals signing day left as October, sources differ 20 vs 21 October; reef 75% held unverified; lecanemab held; June id 88 Women’s World Cup hosting key not repeated — 2025 edition was India + Sri Lanka). Standard answers only. Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 South Asia year table, Section 5Q): gk360 monthly CA bank, 21 South-Asia rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025southasia.py — 91 pattern rows, 21 cited: January id 104, June id 45, July id 36, August ids 83/99/119/190, September ids 52/53/108/136/145, October ids 17/64/76, November ids 4/17/46/47/130/190; 17 event rows + 4 standing-holder rows) + standard-reference verification 1 November 2026 (Nikkei Asia / Hindu Business Line / News18, 12 September 2025, for Karki’s swearing-in as Nepal’s first woman prime minister and the six-month election mandate; Human Rights Watch, 17 November 2025, for the ICT death-in-absentia verdict on Hasina and Kamal and Al-Mamun’s five years; Al Jazeera, 21–22 July 2025, for the Milestone F-7 BGI crash, at-least-31 figure and 171+ injured; European Parliament briefing, May 2026, and first-anniversary reporting, October 2026, for the July Charter’s 17 October 2025 signing, South Plaza venue and two-term PM limit content; Financial Express, 13 November 2025, for the February 2026 elections + referendum announcement and the Implementation Order; MEA joint press release, 12 November 2025, for the Punatsangchhu-II 1,020 MW inauguration on 11 November; The Hindu / Dawn, 19–20 December 2025, for Hadi’s 12 December shooting, 18 December death in Singapore and 20 December state mourning; ANI/Khabarhub via Geo, 9–10 September 2025, for the Khanal house torching and Rajyalaxmi Chitrakar’s death); chapter-check confirmed zero prior South-Asia-year table coverage in any chapter (Nepal protests and Hadi only in Section 5F, Sri Lanka polls only in Section 5M, Ditwah only in GEO-02 Section 2B, aid freeze only in Section 5P, Pakistan–Saudi December row only in Section 5N, Blind Women’s World Cup in no chapter — carried here); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (September id 145 Britain key corrected to Nepal; July id 142 Khaleda 9-month row held unverified; Milestone toll taught as the bank’s at-least-31, not a final figure; July Charter party count not quoted, sources differ; J-10C as decision, not delivery; 2026 South Asia rows excluded as 2026 material). Standard answers only. Section 5R’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 Central Asia year: the 8 cited CA-bank rows above plus the chapter’s standing Central Asia stems — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks; the companion set is the 12 × 2025 CA files themselves. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior Central-Asia-year table coverage in any chapter (Awaza only as a Traps distractor mention, the SCO’s 2025 summit only in GK-03 Section 7A, Pakistan–Central Asia defence rows only in GK-09 — all cross-linked, none duplicated); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (July 2025 Astana-SCO misdating; Palau underwater-interview distractor; Sahel distractor option; Kazakhstan distractor; January/February duplicate consultations item counted once). Standard answers only.*

• Section 5S’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 faith year: the 1 cited CA-bank row above (May 2025 id 23, Leo XIV) plus the chapter’s standing leaders stems — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks; the companion set is the 22 CA files themselves. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior faith-year table coverage in any chapter (Pope Francis’s death only in Section 5D, Leo XIV only as a bank row, Kumbh/Dalai Lama/Mullally/Jubilee nowhere — all cross-linked, none duplicated); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (August 2025 Francis-as-current-head staleness; 2026 Hajj rows; “diamond jubilee” football false positives). Standard answers only.*

Retrospective addition 2026-11-01 (2025 migration & displacement year table, Section 5T): gk360 monthly CA bank, 4 migration rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025migration.py — 20 migration-pattern rows in total: January ids 44/45/56/121, August ids 1/34/61/108/110/161/189, September ids 112/132, October id 77, November ids 48/136/146/156, December ids 21/25; 4 cited, the rest cross-linked or adjacent — August ids 1/189 Yemen boat served from Section 5N, August id 161 Falepili served from Section 5O, January id 56 + August id 110 + December ids 21/25 served from Section 5G, November id 156 Sudan served from Section 5K, November id 48 Trump pause served from Section 5P, August id 34 + November id 146 flood displacement served from GEO-02 Section 2B, August id 108 Dubai corridor / September id 112 SAFRON holder / October id 77 Yaghi family / September id 132 US visa warning held as adjacent, not events; broader second scan — resettlement, small-boat, Channel, expulsion, diaspora, immigration/emigration terms — returned only the Dubai row again) + standard-reference verification 1 November 2026 (Reuters/AFP via Arab News / Tribune, 16 January 2025, for the Mauritania boat: left 2 January, 86 aboard incl. 66 Pakistanis, 36 rescued, ~50 presumed drowned incl. 44 Pakistanis, Dakhla, Canary Islands route, FO total 80 flagged; FCDO press release 8–9 January 2025 for the UK sanctions announcement, Lammy, world’s first standalone regime, launched later in 2025; APP/Dawn 1–2 September 2025 for UNNM Pakistan: Islamabad launch, Yahya host, IOM coordinator/secretariat, RC chair, first MMPTF programme with UNODC; Home Office / Commons statement 17 November 2025 for the UK asylum overhaul, Mahmood, 30-month core protection, 20-year settlement wait from 5 years, future arrivals only); chapter-check confirmed the Mauritania boat, UK sanctions, UNNM Pakistan and UK asylum overhaul had zero prior table coverage in any chapter (Mauritania only as a GK-01 capital; Tuvalu, Yemen boat, Section 5G deportations, Sudan, floods, Trump pause and the Dutch asylum fall all already tabled elsewhere and cross-linked, not duplicated); bank-file corrections flagged in Section 9, not taught (Mauritania 86/66/44/50/80 conflation; UNNM August file vs 1 September event; UK sanctions announced vs launched; Slice 68’s provisional Section 5T label for the unadded Middle East year now taken by this table, Middle East year still unadded). Standard answers only.

• Section 5T’s practice set is the same live GK-04 pool filtered to the 2025 migration & displacement year: the 4 cited CA-bank rows above (January ids 44/45, January id 121, August id 61, November id 136) plus the chapter’s standing GK stems — the bankCount stays 78, since the 2025 rows are this year’s exam material for future papers, not yet in the past-paper banks; the companion set is the 12 × 2025 CA files themselves. Chapter-check confirmed zero prior migration-year table coverage in any chapter.

Retrospective addition 2026-11-03 (2025 Middle East year table, Section 5V, CA retrospective Slice 72): gk360 monthly CA bank, 0 genuine Middle East-year rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025middleeast-slice72.py — 115 keyword matches: 27 already-taught rows served from Section 5A/Section 5E/Section 5H/Section 5N/GK-11 Section 9A, 88 false positives); the table’s 8 rows are standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/Section 5E precedent — standard-reference verification 3 November 2026 (AFP/Middle East Eye 9 + 13 January 2025 for Aoun 99/128 second-round election and Salam’s designation as ICJ president; Kurdistan24/Kurdpress/Medium 27 February 2025 Öcalan “Peace and a Democratic Society” call, 1 March ceasefire, 12th Congress 5–7 May, dissolution announced 12 May, 30-fighter weapons-burning 11 July at Jasana Cave near Sulaymaniyah, October withdrawal from Türkiye; Times of Israel/The Week/Haaretz/Algemeiner 12 April – 23 May 2025 for the five US–Iran rounds, Muscat rounds 1–4, Rome round 5, al-Busaidi mediation, Araghchi + Witkoff, enrichment deadlock, halted by the 13 June war; AP via News18/AA/UK Commons Library August 2025 for the 5 August cabinet tasking, 7 August objectives approval, Hezbollah rejection, September phased plan from south of the Litani; Xinhua/Gulf News 11 + 17 November 2025 for Iraq’s 329-seat election, ~56% turnout, Sudani Reconstruction and Development Coalition 46, no majority); Slice 68’s 1 November 2026 bank-only Middle East closure is superseded for the standard-reference core only — its bank-row finding (41 pattern rows, all tabled or residue) stands; held, not taught — Russia’s July 2025 Taliban recognition (single standard-reference row, no bank row), July 2025 China-Taliban-credentials bank row (January 2024 event, stale), all 2026 sequels (Türkiye’s August 2026 framework law, Lebanon’s January 2026 first-phase claim). No 🔁/⭐ claimed for the table itself — one year only, zero bank rows; bankCount 78 unchanged. Standard answers only.

Retrospective addition 2026-11-03 (2025 Sudan year table, Section 5W): gk360 monthly CA bank, 2 genuine new Sudan rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025sudan.py — May id 61 cholera deaths, August id 135 Pakistan–Sudan defence agreement; November id 156 displacement row served from Section 5K, not counted again here; all other keyword hits distractors or answers inside other questions); the table’s rows are otherwise standard-reference rows, stated not counted, on the Slice 20/Section 5V precedent — standard-reference verification 3 November 2026 (AFP via Channels TV/The Peninsula 21–22 March 2025 for the palace recapture and 22 March central-sites advance; ProPakistani-based reporting 15–19 August 2025 for the $1.5bn contract, Sudanese Air Force commander delegation, K-8/Shahpar-2/YIHA-III package; Arab News/Darfur24/Amnesty October 2026 anniversary reporting for the 26 October El Fasher fall after an ~18-month siege and ~100,000 fled (IOM); The National News/FAO-WFP-UNICEF 3 November 2025 for the IPC famine in El Fasher + Kadugli, 21.2m/45%, 375,000 Phase 5, 20 areas at risk); held, not taught — single-outlet mid-October 2025 $230m renegotiation report, RSF-led Nyala parallel administration (unverified in this run), all 2026 sequels (UN Fact-Finding Mission February 2026 El Fasher findings, January 2026 aid visits). No 🔁/⭐ claimed for the table itself — one year only; bankCount 78 unchanged. Standard answers only.

Retrospective addition 2026-11-03 (2025 disasters year table, Section 5X): gk360 monthly CA bank, 9 genuine new disaster rows over 12 × 2025 CA files / 1,416 questions (script hidden_files/goldmine-notes-count-gk04-2025disasters.py — 44 disaster-pattern rows, 14 cited: February id 14, July id 48, August ids 31/32/66/124, September ids 18/48, November id 39 genuine; July id 130 and October id 37 cited as flagged corrections, not events; January ids 104/105/106 served from Section 5Q, not counted again here) + standard-reference verification 3 November 2026 (USGS/Britannica for Myanmar 28 March 2025, Mw 7.7, Sagaing near Mandalay, 10 km, 6.7 aftershock 12 minutes later, strongest since 1912, Bangkok tower collapse, 5,400+ final toll; USGS/Rappler/Malay Mail for Kamchatka 30 July 2025, 8.8, 119 km ESE Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 19.3 km, strongest regionally since 1952 and globally since 2011, Pacific-wide warnings, Severo-Kurilsk 4–5 m waves, Klyuchevskoy eruption; WHO Health Cluster 8 September 2025 + USGS for Kunar 31 August 2025, Mw 6.0, Nurgal District, 8 km, 2,200+ deaths, deadliest in Afghanistan since 1998; ECMWF/UNFPA/NHC for Melissa, Category 5 Jamaica 28 October (185 mph, New Hope), Cuba 29 October (Chivirico, Category 3), 95 deaths, 735,000 evacuated in eastern Cuba; WHO 2 December 2025 + UNFPA for Ditwah, eastern-coast landfall 28 November, state of emergency 29 November, 410 deaths + 336 missing by 2 December, all 25 districts, 1.4m+ affected; Wikipedia/CIMSS for Texas 4–5 July 2025, Guadalupe at Hunt 10 → 37.52 feet, 139+ deaths, 117 in Kerr County, Camp Mystic 27; Xinhua/AP for Santorini, state of emergency 6 February 2025, 7,700+ tremors by 4 February, peak 5.2, 11,000+ left, emergency to 1–3 March); held, not taught — Pakistan Punjab flood scale rows (August file, not tabled as separate rows), the August typhoon names Kajiki/Co May beyond their rapid-fire mention, September Imelda/Gabrielle beyond their rapid-fire mention, all 2026 sequels (Cyclone Murasu’s November 2026 Andhra landfall, 2026-file quakes). No 🔁/⭐ claimed for the table itself — one year only; bankCount 78 unchanged. Standard answers only.