Everyday Science - PMS 2026 GK (Q901-1000): Vitamins, Cell Biology, Ecology, Environment & Food Science MCQs

Correct Answer: Fat-soluble

Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble: they dissolve in fat, are stored in the body's fatty tissues and liver, and are absorbed with dietary fat.

Correct Answer: Water-soluble

Vitamins B and C are water-soluble: they dissolve in water, are not stored in large amounts, and must be taken regularly in the diet.

Correct Answer: Osteoporosis

Calcium deficiency causes osteoporosis in the standard one-liner sense: too little calcium weakens bones and lowers bone density.

Correct Answer: Energy from glucose

Respiration releases energy from glucose: cells break down glucose with oxygen to release the energy stored in it, producing carbon dioxide and water.

Correct Answer: Energy currency of cells

ATP is the energy currency of cells: adenosine triphosphate stores energy released by respiration and delivers it wherever the cell needs work done.

Correct Answer: Two identical daughter cells

Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells: one parent cell divides into two genetically identical cells, each with the same chromosome number.

Correct Answer: Gametes with half chromosomes

Meiosis produces gametes with half chromosomes: the two divisions halve the chromosome number, so each sex cell carries one set of chromosomes.

Correct Answer: DNA

Genetic material is transmitted via DNA: the DNA sequence is copied and passed from parent to offspring, carrying the hereditary instructions.

Correct Answer: Change in DNA sequence

Mutation is a change in DNA sequence: an alteration in the base sequence of DNA that can change the protein made from a gene.

Correct Answer: Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores

Consumers include herbivores, carnivores and omnivores: animals that obtain energy by eating plants, other animals, or both.

Correct Answer: Fungi & bacteria

Decomposers include fungi and bacteria: they break down dead organic matter and return its nutrients to the soil.

Correct Answer: Large ecosystem type

Biome refers to a large ecosystem type: a large region such as desert, tundra or tropical rainforest defined by its climate, plants and animals.

Correct Answer: Chlorophyll, carotenoids

Photosynthetic pigments include chlorophyll and carotenoids: chlorophyll captures light for photosynthesis and carotenoids assist and protect the process.

Correct Answer: Photosynthesis & respiration

The oxygen cycle involves photosynthesis and respiration: plants release oxygen in photosynthesis and organisms consume it in respiration.

Correct Answer: Atmospheric N2 to usable form

Nitrogen fixation converts atmospheric N2 to a usable form: nitrogen-fixing bacteria turn inert nitrogen gas into ammonia that plants can absorb.

Correct Answer: Nutrient cycling

Soil microbes help in nutrient cycling: bacteria and fungi decompose organic matter and recycle nitrogen, carbon and other nutrients through the soil.

Correct Answer: Algae & pondweeds

Aquatic plants include algae and pondweeds: plants that live in water, from free-floating algae to rooted pondweeds.

Correct Answer: Warm-blooded vertebrates with hair

Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates with hair: they maintain a constant body temperature, have hair or fur, and feed their young with milk.

Correct Answer: Frogs & salamanders

Amphibians include frogs and salamanders: animals that typically begin life in water and live on land as adults.

Correct Answer: Three body segments & six legs

Insects have three body segments and six legs: head, thorax and abdomen, with three pairs of legs attached to the thorax.

Correct Answer: Spiders & scorpions

Arachnids include spiders and scorpions: eight-legged arthropods with two body segments, distinct from six-legged insects.

Correct Answer: Alveoli

The lungs contain alveoli: tiny air sacs where oxygen passes into the blood and carbon dioxide passes out.

Correct Answer: Live-attenuated, inactivated or mRNA

Vaccines can be live-attenuated, inactivated or mRNA: weakened live germs, killed germs, or messenger-RNA instructions are all used to train immunity.

Correct Answer: Population from infectious diseases

Herd immunity protects a population from infectious diseases: when enough people are immune, the disease cannot spread easily and the unvaccinated are shielded too.

Correct Answer: Misuse of antibiotics

Antibiotic resistance is caused by misuse of antibiotics: overuse and incomplete courses let resistant bacteria survive and multiply.

Correct Answer: Disease prevention & health promotion

Public health includes disease prevention and health promotion: sanitation, vaccination, health education and disease surveillance that protect whole populations.

Correct Answer: Global warming & extreme weather

Climate change leads to global warming and extreme weather: rising greenhouse gases warm the planet and intensify heatwaves, storms, droughts and floods.

Correct Answer: Ozone depletion

CFCs contribute to ozone depletion: chlorofluorocarbons released into the atmosphere break down ozone in the stratosphere, thinning the ozone layer.

Correct Answer: Evaporation, condensation, precipitation

The water cycle includes evaporation, condensation and precipitation: water evaporates from surfaces, condenses into clouds and falls back as rain or snow.

Correct Answer: Chemical, physical, biological

Water pollution types include chemical, physical and biological: dissolved chemicals, suspended solids and heat, and disease-causing organisms in water.

Correct Answer: Aquatic ecosystems due to nutrient overload

Eutrophication affects aquatic ecosystems due to nutrient overload: excess nitrogen and phosphorus trigger algal blooms that deplete oxygen in the water.

Correct Answer: Degradation of land in arid areas

Desertification is degradation of land in arid areas: fertile dryland loses its productivity and turns desert-like through overuse, drought and climate change.

Correct Answer: Sustainable Development Goals

SDGs stand for Sustainable Development Goals: the United Nations' 17 goals for ending poverty, protecting the planet and ensuring prosperity by 2030.

Correct Answer: Zero Hunger

SDG 2 focuses on Zero Hunger: ending hunger, achieving food security and improved nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture.

Correct Answer: Industries, vehicles, burning fossil fuels

Air pollution sources include industries, vehicles and burning fossil fuels: factories, traffic and combustion release smoke, gases and particulates into the air.

Correct Answer: Human health & wildlife

Noise pollution affects human health and wildlife: loud, persistent sound causes hearing loss and stress in people and disturbs animal communication and behaviour.

Correct Answer: Astronomy & wildlife behavior

Light pollution affects astronomy and wildlife behaviour: excessive artificial light at night obscures the stars and disrupts nocturnal animals' navigation and rhythms.

Correct Answer: WWF, Greenpeace

Environmental NGOs include WWF and Greenpeace: non-governmental organisations working for conservation and against environmental damage.

Correct Answer: Health & nutrition

Food adulteration harms health and nutrition: adding inferior or harmful substances to food lowers its nutritional value and can cause illness.

Correct Answer: Nutritional quality

Food fortification improves nutritional quality: adding vitamins and minerals to staple foods raises their nutrient content, as with iodised salt and fortified flour.

Correct Answer: Vitamin & mineral-related diseases

Micronutrient deficiency causes vitamin- and mineral-related diseases: too little of a vitamin or mineral produces its deficiency disease, such as scurvy or goitre.

Correct Answer: Cholera, Typhoid, Diarrhea

Waterborne diseases include cholera, typhoid and diarrhea: diseases spread through water contaminated with bacteria and other pathogens.

Correct Answer: Conservation & long-term food security

Sustainable fisheries promote conservation and long-term food security: catching fish within replenishment limits keeps stocks healthy for future harvests.

Correct Answer: Protect ecosystems & human health

Global environmental awareness aims to protect ecosystems and human health: public understanding of environmental threats drives conservation and cleaner practices.