Everyday Science - PMS 2026 GK (Q301-350): Human Body, Nutrition, Plant Biology & Feeding Habits MCQs

Correct Answer: 37°C (98.6°F)

Normal human body temperature is about 37°C (98.6°F), with small individual variation.

Correct Answer: Plasma, red & white blood cells, platelets

Blood is composed of plasma carrying red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Correct Answer: 55% of blood

Plasma constitutes approximately 55% of blood volume; the cellular elements make up the rest.

Correct Answer: Bone marrow

Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow (in adults, mainly the flat bones).

Correct Answer: Infections

White blood cells defend the body against infections by attacking pathogens.

Correct Answer: Iron

Haemoglobin contains iron, which binds oxygen in the red blood cells.

Correct Answer: Thiamine

Vitamin B1 is also called thiamine.

Correct Answer: Riboflavin

Vitamin B2 is also called riboflavin.

Correct Answer: Red blood cell formation

Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell formation and for healthy nerve function.

Correct Answer: Strong bones & teeth

Calcium is required for strong bones and teeth (and for muscle and nerve function).

Correct Answer: Hemoglobin formation

Iron is required for haemoglobin formation in red blood cells.

Correct Answer: Goiter

Iodine deficiency causes goitre, an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Correct Answer: Immune function & growth

Zinc is important for immune function and growth, and for wound healing.

Correct Answer: Retina

The eye lens focuses light onto the retina at the back of the eye.

Correct Answer: Hearing & balance

The human ear is responsible for hearing and balance (through the inner ear).

Correct Answer: Brain, spinal cord & nerves

The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Correct Answer: Hormones

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Correct Answer: Endocrine & exocrine gland

The pancreas acts as both an endocrine gland (insulin, glucagon) and an exocrine gland (digestive enzymes).

Correct Answer: Metabolism

The thyroid gland regulates metabolism through thyroxine.

Correct Answer: Adrenaline & corticosteroids

The adrenal glands produce adrenaline (medulla) and corticosteroids (cortex).

Correct Answer: Master gland

The pituitary gland is called the master gland because it controls other endocrine glands.

Correct Answer: Four

The human heart has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.

Correct Answer: A, B, AB, O

The ABO human blood types are A, B, AB and O (with Rh + or - variants).

Correct Answer: O negative

O negative is the universal donor blood type, as it lacks A, B and Rh antigens.

Correct Answer: AB positive

AB positive is the universal recipient blood type, as it carries no anti-A or anti-B antibodies.

Correct Answer: Rib cage & pleura

The lungs are protected by the rib cage and by the pleura, the membrane enclosing each lung.

Correct Answer: 33

The human vertebral column has 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral and 4 coccygeal.

Correct Answer: Femur

The largest human bone is the femur (thigh bone).

Correct Answer: Stapes (in ear)

The smallest human bone is the stapes, in the middle ear.

Correct Answer: Starch into sugar

Amylase breaks down starch into sugars, beginning in the mouth and continuing in the small intestine.

Correct Answer: Proteins

Protease breaks down proteins into peptides and amino acids.

Correct Answer: Fats

Lipase breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Correct Answer: Cell wall & chloroplasts

Plant cells differ from animal cells by having a cell wall and chloroplasts (and a large central vacuole).

Correct Answer: Guard cells

Stomata are regulated by guard cells, which open and close the pore.

Correct Answer: Stamen

The male part of a flower is the stamen (anther + filament).

Correct Answer: Pistil / Carpel

The female part of a flower is the pistil (carpel), made up of stigma, style and ovary.

Correct Answer: Anemophily

Pollination by wind is called anemophily.

Correct Answer: Entomophily

Pollination by insects is called entomophily.

Correct Answer: Ornithophily

Pollination by birds is called ornithophily.

Correct Answer: Male gamete fuses with female gamete

Fertilization occurs when the male gamete fuses with the female gamete (egg).

Correct Answer: Water, oxygen & suitable temperature

Seed germination requires water, oxygen and a suitable temperature.

Correct Answer: Glucose & oxygen

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water in sunlight.

Correct Answer: Energy (ATP), CO₂ & water

Cellular respiration produces energy (ATP), carbon dioxide and water from glucose and oxygen.

Correct Answer: Other animals

Carnivores feed on other animals.

Correct Answer: Plants

Herbivores feed on plants.

Correct Answer: Plants & animals

Omnivores feed on both plants and animals.

Correct Answer: Dead organic matter

Decomposers like fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients.