Everyday Science - PMS 2026 GK (Q201-250): Biology (Cell Biology, Kingdoms, Human Body, Vitamins & Diseases) MCQs

Correct Answer: Cell

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life; all living things are made of one or more cells.

Correct Answer: DNA & RNA

The nucleus contains the cell's genetic material, DNA, and RNA is also present there as transcribed products (including rRNA made in the nucleolus).

Correct Answer: Entry & exit of substances

The cell membrane is selectively permeable and controls the entry and exit of substances into and out of the cell.

Correct Answer: Jelly-like substance inside cell

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

Correct Answer: Powerhouse of the cell

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's ATP energy.

Correct Answer: Protein synthesis

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

Correct Answer: Transport of proteins & lipids

The endoplasmic reticulum transports proteins and lipids within the cell; the rough ER carries proteins and the smooth ER lipids.

Correct Answer: Packaging & secretion

The Golgi apparatus packages, modifies and secretes proteins and lipids for use inside or outside the cell.

Correct Answer: Digestive enzymes

Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down waste material and foreign particles in the cell.

Correct Answer: Plant cells

Chloroplasts, the sites of photosynthesis, are present in plant cells (and algae), not in animal cells.

Correct Answer: Cell wall & chloroplasts

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall and chloroplasts, which animal cells lack.

Correct Answer: Nucleus

Prokaryotic cells lack a true membrane-bound nucleus; their DNA lies free in the cytoplasm.

Correct Answer: Nucleotides

DNA is composed of nucleotides, each made of a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Correct Answer: Protein synthesis

RNA carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes and takes part in protein synthesis.

Correct Answer: Amino acids

Proteins are made of amino acids joined in chains.

Correct Answer: Sugars (monosaccharides)

Carbohydrates are made of sugars; monosaccharides such as glucose are their simplest units.

Correct Answer: Energy storage & cell membrane

Lipids are used for energy storage and form the lipid bilayer of cell membranes.

Correct Answer: Biological catalysts

Enzymes act as biological catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed.

Correct Answer: Temperature & pH

Enzyme activity is affected by temperature and pH; extremes of either can denature the enzyme.

Correct Answer: Nucleus

DNA replication occurs in the nucleus, where the DNA is copied before cell division.

Correct Answer: Chloroplasts

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

Correct Answer: CO2 & water into glucose & oxygen

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water, using light energy, into glucose and oxygen.

Correct Answer: ATP

Cellular respiration produces energy in the form of ATP, the cell's energy currency.

Correct Answer: Oxygen

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to break down glucose fully and release energy.

Correct Answer: Lactic acid / ethanol

Anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) produces lactic acid in animal muscle cells and ethanol in yeast.

Correct Answer: Seeds / flowers

Plants reproduce sexually via flowers, which produce seeds after pollination and fertilisation.

Correct Answer: Cutting, grafting, runners

Plants reproduce asexually by vegetative methods such as cutting, grafting and runners.

Correct Answer: Hair & mammary glands

Mammals are characterised by hair and mammary glands, which produce milk for their young.

Correct Answer: Feathers & beaks

Birds are characterised by feathers and beaks.

Correct Answer: Gills & fins

Fish are characterised by gills for breathing in water and fins for movement.

Correct Answer: Water & land

Amphibians can live in both water and on land.

Correct Answer: Scales & cold-blooded

Reptiles are characterised by scales and being cold-blooded (ectothermic).

Correct Answer: 206

The adult human skeleton has 206 bones.

Correct Answer: Circulatory system

The heart pumps blood through the circulatory system to all parts of the body.

Correct Answer: Gas exchange / respiration

The lungs function in gas exchange, taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide during respiration.

Correct Answer: Detoxification & bile production

The liver detoxifies harmful substances and produces bile, which aids fat digestion.

Correct Answer: Blood to produce urine

The kidneys filter blood to remove waste and produce urine.

Correct Answer: Insulin & digestive enzymes

The pancreas secretes insulin (a hormone) and digestive enzymes.

Correct Answer: Nervous system & body functions

The brain controls the nervous system and coordinates the body's functions.

Correct Answer: Oxygen

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.

Correct Answer: Immunity

White blood cells function in immunity, defending the body against infection.

Correct Answer: Blood clotting

Platelets help in blood clotting, sealing wounds and stopping bleeding.

Correct Answer: Oxygen transport

Haemoglobin, the pigment in red blood cells, is responsible for oxygen transport.

Correct Answer: Vision

Vitamin A is important for vision, especially night vision.

Correct Answer: Calcium absorption

Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium, which is needed for bones and teeth.

Correct Answer: Blood clotting

Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.

Correct Answer: Vitamin C

Scurvy is caused by deficiency of vitamin C.

Correct Answer: Vitamin D

Rickets, the softening and weakening of bones in children, is caused by deficiency of vitamin D.

Correct Answer: Virus

The common cold is caused by viruses, most commonly rhinoviruses.

Correct Answer: Female Anopheles mosquito

Malaria is transmitted by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito.