PMS 2026 GK Physical Science Mock Test — Solved Mock Test with Answers Solved MCQs

Correct Answer: Jupiter

Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, about 11 times Earth's diameter.

Correct Answer: Hydrogen & helium

The Sun is about 74% hydrogen and 24% helium by mass.

Correct Answer: Galaxy

The Milky Way is the barred spiral galaxy containing our solar system.

Correct Answer: Cosmology

Cosmology is the study of the universe as a whole — its origin, structure and evolution; astronomy studies individual celestial objects.

Correct Answer: Mars

Mars is called the Red Planet because of its iron-oxide (rusty) surface.

Correct Answer: Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri, about 4.24 light-years away, is the nearest star to the Sun.

Correct Answer: Supernova explosions

Stellar-mass black holes form when a massive star collapses in a supernova explosion.

Correct Answer: Distance

A light-year is the distance light travels in one year, about 9.46 trillion km.

Correct Answer: Newton

The newton (N) is the SI unit of force.

Correct Answer: Joule

The joule (J) is the SI unit of energy.

Correct Answer: Pascal

The pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.

Correct Answer: Ampere

The ampere (A) is the SI unit of electric current.

Correct Answer: Hertz

The hertz (Hz) is the SI unit of frequency.

Correct Answer: Ohm

The ohm (Ω) is the SI unit of electric resistance.

Correct Answer: Kelvin

The kelvin (K) is the SI unit of temperature.

Correct Answer: Gravitational force

Gravity keeps planets in orbit around the Sun.

Correct Answer: Mesosphere

Most meteors burn up in the mesosphere, about 50–85 km above Earth.

Correct Answer: Troposphere

Weather occurs in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

Correct Answer: Tectonic plates

Earthquakes are caused mainly by the movement of tectonic plates.

Correct Answer: Focus

The focus (hypocentre) is the point inside Earth where an earthquake originates; the epicentre is the point on the surface above it.

Correct Answer: Seismograph

A seismograph records earthquake vibrations; the Richter scale expresses their magnitude.

Correct Answer: Richter scale

Earthquake magnitude is conventionally reported on the Richter scale in one-liner sets (modern seismology uses the moment magnitude scale).

Correct Answer: Seismology

Seismology is the study of earthquakes.

Correct Answer: Undersea earthquakes

Tsunamis are most commonly caused by undersea earthquakes displacing ocean water.

Correct Answer: Warm oceans

Tropical cyclones form over warm ocean waters, generally above about 26.5°C.

Correct Answer: Prevention & preparedness

Disaster risk management centres on prevention, mitigation and preparedness, not relief alone.

Correct Answer: Excess rainfall

Floods are most commonly caused by excess rainfall overwhelming rivers and drainage.

Correct Answer: Drop, cover and hold

During an earthquake, drop, cover and hold on under sturdy furniture is the standard safety action.

Correct Answer: Mantle

Volcanic lava is molten rock from the mantle that reaches the surface through the crust.

Correct Answer: Fossil fuels

Coal, petroleum and natural gas are fossil fuels, formed from ancient organic matter.

Correct Answer: Sunlight

Solar energy is obtained directly from sunlight.

Correct Answer: Renewable energy

Wind energy is renewable — it is replenished naturally and not exhausted by use.

Correct Answer: Flowing water

Hydropower plants generate electricity from flowing or falling water driving turbines.

Correct Answer: Fission

Nuclear power stations produce energy by nuclear fission, splitting heavy nuclei such as uranium-235.

Correct Answer: Animal waste

Biogas is produced by anaerobic digestion of animal waste and other organic matter.

Correct Answer: Natural gas

Natural gas burns more cleanly than coal, diesel or petrol and is the cleanest fossil fuel.

Correct Answer: Controlled & efficient use

Sustainable energy use means controlled, efficient use that preserves resources for the future.

Correct Answer: Earth’s interior heat

Geothermal energy comes from heat inside the Earth.

Correct Answer: Exhaustible

Non-renewable energy sources are exhaustible — their reserves are finite.

Correct Answer: Nuclear reactors

Uranium is used as fuel in nuclear reactors.

Correct Answer: Can neither be created nor destroyed

The law of conservation of energy states energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only transformed.

Correct Answer: Solar

Solar energy is inexhaustible among the options — sunlight is continuously renewed.

Correct Answer: Atom

The atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that retains an element's properties.

Correct Answer: Protons & neutrons

An atom's nucleus contains protons and neutrons; electrons orbit outside it.

Correct Answer: Negative

An electron carries a negative electric charge.

Correct Answer: Transfer of electrons

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, forming ions.

Correct Answer: Sharing of electrons

Covalent bonds are formed by sharing electron pairs between atoms.

Correct Answer: Helium nuclei

Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei (two protons and two neutrons).

Correct Answer: Gamma

Gamma rays travel at the speed of light, faster than alpha and beta particles.

Correct Answer: Action = reaction

Newton's third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

Correct Answer: 3 × 10⁸ m/s

The speed of light in vacuum is approximately 3 × 10⁸ metres per second.

Correct Answer: Refraction

Refraction is the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another.

Correct Answer: Conduction

Conduction is heat transfer by direct contact between particles.

Correct Answer: 100°C

Water boils at 100°C at standard atmospheric pressure.

Correct Answer: Cooling

Evaporation causes cooling because the fastest molecules escape, taking heat with them.

Correct Answer: 7

A neutral solution has pH 7 at 25°C.

Correct Answer: Red

Acids turn blue litmus paper red.

Correct Answer: Blue

Bases turn red litmus paper blue.

Correct Answer: Acidic

A solution with pH less than 7 is acidic.

Correct Answer: Salt & water

An acid reacting with a base (neutralisation) forms a salt and water.

Correct Answer: Oxidation

Rusting of iron is oxidation — iron reacting with oxygen and moisture.

Correct Answer: Rusting

Rusting is slow oxidation of iron.

Correct Answer: Diamond

Diamond is the hardest naturally occurring substance.

Correct Answer: Good conductors

Metals are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.

Correct Answer: Poor conductors

Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Correct Answer: Mixing metals

Alloys are generally made by mixing metals (e.g. brass from copper and zinc).

Correct Answer: Iron & carbon

Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

Correct Answer: Synthetic material

Plastic is a synthetic (man-made) material.

Correct Answer: Sand

Glass is mainly made from sand (silica, SiO₂).

Correct Answer: Quartz

Quartz (silica) is the mineral used in making glass.

Correct Answer: CaCO₃

Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate, CaCO₃.

Correct Answer: Both heat & electricity

Conductors allow easy flow of both heat and electricity.

Correct Answer: Heat & electricity

Insulators resist the flow of heat and electricity.

Correct Answer: Electrical energy

Lightning is a discharge of electrical energy.

Correct Answer: Aluminum

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust (about 8%).

Correct Answer: Mining

Minerals are obtained by mining.

Correct Answer: Mining

Mining is the process of extracting minerals from the Earth.

Correct Answer: Sedimentary rocks

Coal is mainly mined from sedimentary rocks.

Correct Answer: Sedimentary rocks

Petroleum is found in sedimentary rocks.

Correct Answer: Hematite

Hematite (Fe₂O₃) is the iron ore most commonly used.

Correct Answer: Aluminum

Bauxite is the principal ore of aluminium.

Correct Answer: Chalcopyrite

Chalcopyrite (copper iron sulphide) is the main copper ore.

Correct Answer: Cyanide process

Gold is extracted from its ore by the cyanide process (cyanidation).

Correct Answer: Open-cast mining

Open-cast (open-pit) mining creates large open pits at the surface.

Correct Answer: Refineries

Petroleum is refined in refineries by fractional distillation.

Correct Answer: Zinc blende

Zinc blende (sphalerite, ZnS) is the ore of zinc.

Correct Answer: Methane

Natural gas consists mainly of methane (CH₄).

Correct Answer: Liquefied petroleum gas

LPG stands for Liquefied Petroleum Gas, mainly propane and butane.

Correct Answer: Coal

Coal is the mineral fuel among the options.

Correct Answer: Nitrogen

Nitrogen (about 78%) is the main component of air.

Correct Answer: Ultraviolet rays

The ozone layer protects Earth from the Sun's ultraviolet rays.

Correct Answer: Vacuum

Sound needs a medium and cannot travel through a vacuum.

Correct Answer: Solids

Sound travels fastest in solids, slower in liquids and slowest in gases.

Correct Answer: Mass ÷ volume

Density is mass divided by volume.

Correct Answer: Barometer

A barometer measures atmospheric pressure.

Correct Answer: SO₂ & NO₂

Acid rain is caused mainly by sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolving in rainwater.

Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide is the standard one-liner answer for the main greenhouse gas.

Correct Answer: Iron & nickel

Earth's core is mainly iron and nickel.

Correct Answer: Crust

The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth.

Correct Answer: Sodium

Among the options, sodium is the most reactive metal.