CSS · Federal Public Service Commission · 2026
Solved CSS MPT Everyday Science practice set from the 1000 Advanced Booklet, Q401–450 — 48 MCQs with verified answers and explanations (fossil-fuel origins, nuclear power, hydropower, wind and solar energy, coal and oil in Pakistan, LNG and bioethanol). A practice compilation, not a past paper.
Paper Snapshot
Questions
48
Time
48
Minutes
Subjects
1
Topics
5
Read mode shows correct answers. Attempt mode hides answers, starts timer, and shows your result after submission.
About this paper
Part 9 (Q401–450) of the Sir Adnan '1000 Advanced Booklet Everyday Science' one-liner compilation (monster-data 'CSS MPT PAST PAPERS' pack). The booklet prints statement + answer only, so each item is published in the standard MCQ format with 3 authored plausible distractors under Anas's 2026-10-28 single-format decision and optionsSource recorded as 'authored'. 48 of 50 printed items are published; printed Q434 (first hydropower project of Pakistan at Malakand 1952) is dropped as the repeat of the unanswerable Q363 claim, and printed Q449 (most common use of natural gas in Pakistan as domestic fuel) is dropped as ambiguous as printed, since the power sector, not the domestic sector, is the largest gas consumer. Two corrections: Q407 first hydroelectric plant (Appleton 1882, not the booklet's Niagara 1881) and Q424 first oil refinery in Pakistan (Attock Refinery, Morgah, 1922, not the booklet's Karachi 1962). One NOTE flag: Q443 lignite as the lowest-carbon true coal (peat, its precursor, is lower). This is a practice set, never titled as a past paper, and Q451–1000 remain for later runs.
Paper Controls
Subject 1
Topic Section
20 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Petroleum
Petroleum is the fossil fuel formed from marine organisms: tiny sea plants and animals buried under sediment were transformed by heat and pressure into oil.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is the fossil fuel formed from land plants: plant matter in ancient swamps was buried, compressed and carbonized into coal.
Correct Answer: Carbonization
The process of coal formation is called carbonization: buried plant matter gradually loses water and volatile matter and becomes richer in carbon.
Correct Answer: Anthracite
Anthracite has the highest calorific value of the coals, with the highest carbon content (over 90%) and the cleanest burn.
Correct Answer: Coal
Coal is the oldest fossil fuel in geological history: major coal deposits date from the Carboniferous period, around 300 million years ago, predating most oil and gas deposits.
Correct Answer: Pennsylvania, USA (1859)
The first commercial oil well was drilled at Titusville, Pennsylvania, USA, by Edwin Drake in 1859.
Correct Answer: Petrol
Petrol is obtained through the fractional distillation of crude oil: crude oil is heated and its fractions separate by boiling point, petrol condensing in the light range.
Correct Answer: 600 times
Liquefying natural gas reduces its volume by about 600 times, which is why LNG can be shipped economically in tankers.
Correct Answer: Carbon
Carbon is the most abundant element in fossil fuels by mass: coal, oil and gas are all built principally on carbon chains.
Correct Answer: Sunlight
Energy in fossil fuels originally comes from sunlight: ancient plants and marine organisms captured solar energy, which was stored in their remains as coal, oil and gas.
Correct Answer: USA
The United States holds the world's largest coal reserves, ahead of Russia and Australia.
Correct Answer: Hydrocarbons
Petroleum mainly consists of hydrocarbons: compounds of hydrogen and carbon, with small amounts of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds.
Correct Answer: Methane
Methane is commonly called swamp gas (or marsh gas) because it is produced by decaying organic matter in swamps and wetlands.
Correct Answer: China
China is the biggest oil consumer in Asia and the world's second-largest oil consumer after the United States.
Correct Answer: Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is the most abundant greenhouse gas from fossil fuels: burning coal, oil and gas releases far more CO₂ than any other greenhouse gas.
Correct Answer: Lignite
Lignite has the lowest carbon content among the true coals, below sub-bituminous and bituminous coal and far below anthracite.
Correct Answer: Pressurized cylinders
LPG is stored in pressurized cylinders: liquefied petroleum gas is kept under pressure so it stays liquid until released.
Correct Answer: Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia holds the largest oil reserves in the Middle East and the second-largest proven reserves in the world after Venezuela.
Correct Answer: Fractional distillation
Oil is refined through fractional distillation: crude oil is heated and its components separate by boiling point into petrol, diesel, kerosene and other fractions.
Correct Answer: Non-renewable resources
Fossil fuels are categorized as non-renewable resources: they formed over millions of years and are consumed far faster than nature replaces them.
Topic Section
6 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Obninsk, Russia (1954)
The world's first nuclear power plant was set up at Obninsk in Russia (then the USSR) in 1954, supplying electricity to the grid.
Correct Answer: Chashma (C-1, 2000)
Pakistan's second nuclear power plant was Chashma C-1, commissioned in 2000; the first was KANUPP at Karachi (1972).
Correct Answer: Uranium
Uranium is the radioactive element widely used as nuclear fuel: its isotope uranium-235 sustains the fission chain reaction in reactors.
Correct Answer: USA
The United States has the largest nuclear power capacity in the world, with the most reactors and the highest nuclear generation.
Correct Answer: Hydrogen isotopes (Deuterium & Tritium)
Nuclear fusion reactors use hydrogen isotopes as fuel: deuterium and tritium fuse to form helium, releasing energy as in the Sun.
Correct Answer: Russia
Russia (then the USSR) was the first country to produce electricity from nuclear power, at the Obninsk plant in 1954.
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Appleton, Wisconsin, USA (1882)
The world's first hydroelectric central station began operation on 30 September 1882 at Appleton, Wisconsin, on the Fox River, lighting two paper mills and a residence.
Correct Answer: Silicon
A solar cell is usually made of silicon, a semiconductor whose photovoltaic effect converts sunlight directly into electricity.
Correct Answer: USA (California, 1980s)
The world's first wind farms were built in California, USA, in the 1980s, notably in the Altamont Pass area.
Correct Answer: Hydropower
Hydropower is the largest source of renewable energy worldwide by electricity generation, ahead of wind and solar power.
Correct Answer: Yangtze River
The Three Gorges Dam in China is located on the Yangtze River, the world's largest power station by installed capacity.
Correct Answer: Persia (Iran)
Windmills were first used in Persia (present-day Iran), where vertical-axis windmills ground grain and pumped water centuries ago.
Correct Answer: Greenhouse gases
Renewable energy reduces greenhouse gases: replacing fossil-fuel generation with wind, solar and hydro cuts carbon dioxide emissions.
Correct Answer: Kinetic energy of water
Hydropower converts the kinetic energy of moving water into electricity: flowing water spins turbines connected to generators.
Correct Answer: China
China is the largest wind power producing country, with the world's largest installed wind capacity and generation.
Correct Answer: Sugarcane & corn
Bioethanol is produced from sugarcane and corn: their sugars and starches are fermented by yeast into ethanol.
Topic Section
10 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Oil & gas
Pakistan's energy crisis is conventionally attributed mainly to a shortage of oil and gas: falling domestic gas output and costly oil imports leave power generation short of fuel.
Correct Answer: Dhurnal
Dhurnal in Punjab is Pakistan's largest oil production field, a long-producing field in the Potwar region.
Correct Answer: 1992
The Thar coal reserves in Sindh were discovered in 1992, when Geological Survey exploration identified the huge lignite field.
Correct Answer: Bahawalpur (Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, 2015)
Pakistan's first solar power plant was inaugurated at the Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Bahawalpur, in 2015.
Correct Answer: Attock Refinery, Morgah (Rawalpindi), 1922
Pakistan's first oil refinery is the Attock Refinery at Morgah, Rawalpindi, in operation since 1922; it is the country's pioneer and oldest refinery.
Correct Answer: Makerwal
The oldest coal mines in Pakistan are at Makerwal in the Surghar Range, Mianwali district: the deposits were discovered at the end of the 19th century and mined from the early 1900s.
Correct Answer: Sugar industry
Bagasse-based energy is mostly used in the sugar industry: sugar mills burn bagasse, the fibrous residue of crushed cane, to raise steam and power.
Correct Answer: Sui, 1952
Natural gas was first discovered in Pakistan at Sui, Balochistan, in 1952, opening the country's gas era.
Correct Answer: Khaur, 1915
The first oil discovery in Pakistan was made at Khaur in 1915, where the Attock Oil Company struck oil at shallow depth.
Correct Answer: Port Qasim, Karachi
Pakistan's largest LNG terminal is located at Port Qasim, Karachi, where the country's first LNG import terminals were built.
Topic Section
2 solved MCQs shown directly below
Correct Answer: Potential energy
Energy stored in water at a height is potential energy: the water's position above a lower level gives it stored energy that becomes kinetic energy as it falls.
Correct Answer: Qatar
Qatar has the highest per capita energy consumption in the world, driven by its energy-intensive economy and small population.
Source & verification
Built by GK360 from verified bank questions — every answer rechecked before publishing. Where the source printed no options, the answer options were prepared by GK360; the questions and correct answers are the verified originals.
Questions
No. This is a practice set built from the Sir Adnan '1000 Advanced Booklet Everyday Science' one-liner compilation. It is labelled practice in the title, slug and paperType and must not be quoted as an official past paper.
Every item in Q401–450 except two has a verifiable standard answer (fossil-fuel origins, nuclear and hydropower, wind and solar energy, coal, oil and gas in Pakistan, LNG and bioethanol). Printed Q434 repeats the unanswerable Malakand-1952 claim already dropped at Q363, and printed Q449 is ambiguous as printed because the power sector, not the domestic sector, is Pakistan's largest gas consumer; both are dropped and never inferred, and the drops are recorded in the file's sourceNote.
The source prints statement + answer only, with no (a)-(d) options. Under Anas's 2026-10-28 single-format decision, each item is published in the standard MCQ format with 3 authored plausible distractors; the questions and answers are the booklet's, and every answer was verified as the standard answer. optionsSource is recorded as 'authored' so authored options are never mistaken for the paper's.
Q401–450 cover fossil-fuel origins and carbonization, the first nuclear and hydroelectric plants, Pakistan's nuclear, solar, coal, oil and gas firsts (Chashma, Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park, Thar 1992, Sui 1952, Khaur 1915, Makerwal, Port Qasim LNG) and renewable energy basics. The booklet runs to 1000 items; Q451–1000 are held for later conversion runs in the same format.
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